Arad

Arad, capital of a district in Eastern Hungary, is situated on the right bank of the Maros, an affluent of the Theiss, and has a population (1890) of 41,945, including many Jews. It is an important railway centre, and is 95 miles SE. of Budapest, and 74 miles E. of Szegedin by rail. It carries on a large trade in corn, spirits, wine, and tobacco, and is one of the greatest cattle-markets in Hungary. During the 17th century it was often captured, and at last destroyed by the Turks. During the revolutionary war of 1849 it was occupied for a time by the Austrians, who capitulated to the Hungarians in July. In August, Arad was surrendered to the Russians by Görgei; many of the prisoners were massacred; and in October, thirteen Hungarian officers were executed here by order of the infamous Haynau.—NEW ARAD, on the other side of the river, has 5000 inhabitants, including many Germans.—The county or province of Arad has an area of 2490 sq. m., with a pop. of about 320,000. It borders on Transylvania, and produces much excellent wine; the inhabitants are chiefly Roumanian in race.