Atropia

Atropia, or ATROPINE, $C\_\{17\}H\_\{23\}NO\_3$, is an alkaloid existing in all parts of the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna). The seeds of the thorn-apple (Datura stramonium) also contain an alkaloid, Daturine, which for long was believed to be identical with atropia. Recent researches seem to indicate that it is, however, only isomeric, and that it is only half as poisonous as atropia. It may be prepared from the juice of belladonna by heating it to 194° F. (90° C.), filtering, and after addition of potash, shaking with chloroform. The crude alkaloid obtained after evaporation of the chloroform is purified by crystallisation from hot alcohol. The crystals occur in colourless silky needles, united in tufts. It is very poisonous, $\backslash frac\{1\}\{100\}$th of a grain causing dryness of the throat; but it is nevertheless used internally or by injection in cases of hooping-cough and ptyalism. It is also used as an antidote in cases of opium poisoning. A solution of sulphate of atropia in water dropped into the eye is now generally preferred to belladonna lotions or ointments for eye diseases. It produces dilatation of the pupil and paralysis of the accommodation, which do not completely pass away for some days; and also a sedative and curative effect in many inflamed conditions. A solution of about four grains to the ounce is most often employed; but a single drop of a very much weaker solution affects the pupil.