Tiara

Chambers's Encyclopaedia, Volume 10: Swastika to Zyrianovsk and Index, p. 196–197
A detailed black and white illustration of a papal tiara, showing its three-tiered structure with ornate patterns and a cross on top.
A detailed black and white illustration of a papal tiara, showing its three-tiered structure with ornate patterns and a cross on top.

Tiara, the triple crown of the pope, which is considered to be symbolic of his temporal, as the keys are of his spiritual authority. It is composed of a high cap of gold cloth, encircled by three coronets, with a mound and cross of gold on the top. The original papal crown consisted of the cap alone, the word tiara having long been synonymous with mitra. It is not certain when the first and second princely crowns were added, the current statement that it was Boniface VIII. who assumed the second having been disproved by Hefele from old representations of Innocent III. Urban V. (1362-70) added the third.

Source scan(s): p. 0215, p. 0216