Trochu, LOUIS JULES, the defender of Paris, was born at Palais in Belle-Isle (Morbihan), 12th May 1815, and after the course at St Cyr entered the army at seventeen, and by his conduct and capacity rose rapidly in rank. He served as adjutant to Lamoric��re, and to Bugeaud in Algeria; next to Saint-Arnaud and Canrobert in the Crimea, became in November 1854 general of brigade, and distinguished himself next year in the storming of the Malakoff. As general of division he fought at Solferino, and after the peace entered the Ministry of War, and was destined by Niel for his successor. But the unpalatable truths contained in his famous pamphlet, L'arm��e Fran��aise en 1867, in which he pointed out the rottenness of the imperial military system, and urged the adoption of Prussian methods, made him hateful to the court. At the outbreak of the 1870 war he received command of the 12th Territorial Division at Toulouse, and on the 17th August was named by the emperor governor of Paris, and after the proclamation of the republic became chief of the National Defence. He was cautious, timid, said the hotter spirits both within and without the circle of the doomed city; it is most probable that he saw only too well the hopelessness of his task. He laid down his office as governor 22d Jan. 1871, but remained president of the National Defence till 1872, and died 7th Oct. 1896. Works in his own defence are Pour la Vérité et pour la Justice (1873) and La Politique et le Siège de Paris (1874). See his Souvenirs Posthumes (2 vols. 1896).