Zungaria

Zungaria (Dzungaria, Tsungaria, or Simgaria), the country of the Zungars, a people belonging to the Kalmuck or western Mongolian stock, a race no longer existing as a separate people. Lying between the central Tian-shan highlands of the Russo-Chinese frontier and the western Altai, it is a high mountain region, in which are the sources of the Black Irish and the Ili. The Chinese have lately recovered their hold in Zungaria, including Kulja (q.v.). The population includes Dungans or Tungans, Chinese, Kalmucks, and Kirghiz.