Zyrianovsk, a mining town in a rich silver-producing district of Semipalatinsk, near the southern frontier of Siberia, lies among the slopes of the Altai Mountains, on a head-stream of the Irtysh; pop. 4500. The Zyrians of the neighbourhood, a tribe of the Altai Tartars, are Shamanists, and live by hunting in the forests.
INDEX
OF SUBJECTS WHICH HAVE NO SPECIAL ARTICLES, OR ON WHICH FURTHER INFORMATION
IS GIVEN UNDER OTHER HEADINGS.
| Aath, | Ath | Aglai, Graces | Almandine, | Garnet |
| Abbasides, | Calif | Agonistici, | Almazarron, | Mazarron |
| Abbey Craig, | Stirling | Agosta, | Aloys, | Lithography |
| Abbot, Charles, | Colchester (Lord) | Agua, Aguadiente, | Aloysius, St, | Gonzaga (Luigi) |
| Abbotsford Club, | Book-club | Ahaggar, | Alphonsus, Petrus, | Fable |
| Abdul-Mejed, | Turkey, 334 | Ahura-Mazdão, | Alp-horn, | Kuh-horn |
| Abecedarian Hymns, | Acrostic | Air, | Al-Raschid, | Haroun |
| Aben, | Ben | Airthrey, | Alred, | Aldred |
| Abeokuta, | Abbeokuta | Aisha, | Alsatia, | Sanctuary |
| Aberbrothock, | Arbroath | Akbar Khan, | Altcar, | Coursing |
| Aberconway, | Conway | Akeman Street, | Altdorf, | Altorf |
| Aberdeen, | Universities | Akerman, | Althorp, | Spencer |
| Abhidharma, | Buddhism, 517 | Akiska, | Altorf, | Uri |
| Abinger, | Scarlett (Sir James) | Alai Mountains, | Alva marina, | Grasswrack |
| Abrachia, | Brachiopoda | Alambagh, | Alveolar Abscess, | Teeth |
| Abravanel, | Abarbanel | Alana, | Amadavat, | Weaver-bird |
| Abstract, | Concrete | Alane, | Amafingu, | Fingos |
| Abu, | Sangir Islands | Alarum, | Amázigh, | Berbers |
| Abury, | Avebury | À Lasco, | Amazon-stone, | Felspar |
| Acacia, | Shittim | Alba, | Ambato, | Hambato |
| Acca, Accho, | Acre | Alban, | Amberboa, | Centauria |
| Acciaccatura, | Aphogiatura | Albanensians, | Ambones, | Church, 233 |
| Acetanilid, | Antifebrin | Albatani, | Ambrette, | Hibiscus |
| Achar, | Bamboo | Albategnius, | Ambrosian Hymn, | Te Deum |
| Achitophel, | Shaftesbury | Albe, | American Cloth, | Leather Cloth |
| Achmed Pasha, | Bonneval, Djezzar | Albert Edward Nyanza, | American Island, | Fanning |
| Achromatin, | Cell, 48, 52 | Albertine Line, | American Ivy, | Virginia Creeper |
| Achromatopsia, | Colour-blindness | Albertite, | American Organ, | Harmonium |
| Acierage, | Bank-notes | Albinus, | Amesbury, | Coursing |
| Acipenser, | Sturgeon | Albite, | Amido-caproic Acid, | Leucine |
| Acrisius, | Dannë | Albrecht, | Amir, | Admiral, Emir |
| Acrylic Acid, | Acrolein | Albuminoids, | Ammonia, Acetate of, | Minderererus Spirit |
| Actomorphæ, | Accipitrés | Alcahest, | Amor, | Cupid |
| Adams, John, | Pitcairn Island | Alcester, | Ampelidæ, | Vitaceæ |
| Addax, | Antelope | Alcester, Lord, | Ampère, | Electricity, 273 |
| Adder, | Abacus | Alcides, Alcmena, | Amphineura, | Chiton |
| Adder-stone, | Snakes, 531 | Alcofribas Nasier, | Amrita, | Ambrosia |
| Adder's Tongue, | Ophioglossæ | Aldos Manutius, | Amun-Ra, | Ammon |
| Addington, Henry, | Sidmouth | Ale-cost, | Amyrine, | Elemi |
| Addington Park, | Croydon | Aleuts, | Anacapri, | Capri |
| Addressers, | Abhorrers | Alexinoton, | Analysis, Volumetric, | Alkalimetry |
| Aderbaijan, | Azerbajan | Alexis, | Anamesite, | Basalt |
| Adoptianists, | Sabellianism | Alexis, Wilibald, | Ananas, | Pine-apple |
| Ædesius, | Frumentinus | Alfalfa, | Anasarca, | Dropsy |
| Æneid, | Æneas, Virgil | Alfred of Beverley, | Anatta, | Annatto |
| Ærostation, | Balloon | Alfuros, | Ancud, | Chiloe |
| Aerotherapeutics, | Compressed-air Bath | Alga marina, | Anderledy, | Fesuits |
| Æther, | Ether | Algeziras, | Andesine, | Felspar |
| Æthiops, | Ethiops | Algum, | Andrianov Islands, | Aleutian Islands |
| Ætiology, | Zoology | Aliaska, | Anemochord, | Æolian Harp |
| Affusion, | Baptism | Alighieri, | Angary, | Neutrality |
| African Lakes Company, | Shirë | Alignment, | Angaziya, | Comoro Isles |
| African Mahogany, | Timber | Alkarsine, | Angeiology, | Anatomy, 254 |
| Afrikander, | Africander | Allat, | Angelica Salutatio, | Ave Maria |
| After-birth, | Fætus, Placenta | Allemand, Cardinal, | Angelus Domini, | Ave Maria |
| After-damp, | Choke-damp | Allgood, | Angkor, | Cambodia |
| Agalaxy, | Agalactia | All Hallows, | Anglo-Cymric Score, | Folklore |
| Aganippe, | Helicon | Alliaco, Petrus de, | An-hui, | Gan-hway |
| Agaric, Fly, | Amanita | All Souls College, | Anicuts, | Coleroon |
| Agaric Mineral, | Farina | Al-Mamun, | Anne of Cleves, | Henry VIII. |
|
Anihilationism, Hell |
Arthrostraca, Crustacea |
Azincourt, Aginconrt |
| Bauxite, | Brick | Bickerstaff, Isaac, | Steele | Blue Roach, | Azurine |
| Bavon, St, | Ghent | Biddery Ware, | Bidar | Blue Slipper, | Gaut |
| Baxar, | Buxar | Bielgorod, | Belgrade | Bluff, | Durban |
| Bayezed, | Bayazid | Bier, | Ordeal | Bly's Leg, | Artificial Limbs |
| Baylen, | Bailen | Bihar, | Behar | Bockhold, | Anabaptists |
| Bay-stall, | Bay-window | Bill, | Battle-axe | Bodenstein, | Carlstadt |
| Bead-tree, | Pride of China | Bill of Pains and Penalties, | Attainder | Body Snatchers, | Resurrectionists |
| Beagle Expedition, | Darwin | Bilocation, | Canonisation, Ecstasy | Boeroe, | Burn |
| Bealtainn, | Beltane | Binding-machine, | Reaping | Boethius, | Boece |
| Beamer Rock, | Beacon | Bindraban, | Brindaban | Bögh, | Denmark, 759 |
| Bean-tree, | Catalpa | Binny, | Barbel | Boglipoor, | Bhagalpur |
| Bear, | Stock-exchange | Birde, W., | Byrd | Bogodolsk Mines, | Pencils |
| Bearded Vulture, | Lämmergeier | Bir-es-Seba, | Beersheba | Bogue, | Boca Tigre |
| Beatrice, | Dante | Birkenhead, | Wracks | Böhme, | Boehme |
| Beats, | Sonnd | Birlaw, | Byrlaw | Boiamond, | Bagimont's Roll |
| Beaufin, | Apple | Birsay, | Crofter | Bois-durci, | Savdust |
| Beaufort, Margaret, | Henry VII. | Biscoe's Chain, | Graham's Land | Boldon Book, | Domesday Book |
| Beaumaris Shark, | Portbeagle | Biscuit-roots, | Liliacæ | Bolingbroke, | Henry IV. of England |
| Beaumont, | Éon de Beaumont | Bishop, Mrs, | Bird (Isabella) | Boliviano, | Dollar |
| Beaver-rat, | Hydromys | Bishops' Book, | Henry VIII. | Bologna, | Universities |
| Beberine, | Bebeerine | Bishopwearmouth, | Sunderland | Bolsas, | Stock-exchange |
| Becker, Nikolaus, | Rhine, 689 | Bisley, | Woking | Bolt Court, | Johnson (Samuel) |
| Beddgelert, | Gellert | Bismarck, | William II. | Bombacæ, | Sterculiacæ |
| Bede, | Beads | Bismark Brown, | Dyeing, 142 | Bon Accord, | Aberdeen |
| Bede, Cuthbert, | Bradley (Edward) | Bisulphide of Carbon, | Sulphur | Bone-earth, | Bone-ash |
| Bedell, | Beddle | Bitolia, | Monastir | Boneshaker, | Cycling |
| Bedelman, | Beads | Bitter Nut, | Hickory | Bonet, | Deaf and Dumb |
| Bee-kite, | Honey-buzzard | Bitter Spar, | Dolomite | Boni, | Bonny |
| Bee-martin, | Tyrant Birds | Bitumenite, | Boghead Coal | Boning, | Borning |
| Bee-moth, | Honeycomb Moth | Bizcacha, | Viscacha | Bonneville, | Great Salt Lake |
| Beenah Marriage, | Family | Bizochi, | Beghards | Bonnington, | Clyde |
| Begging Hermit, | Augustinians | Bjelgorod, | Belgorod | Bononcini, | Bononcini |
| Beilerbegi, | Beg | Black Amber, | Fet | Bononian Stone, | Bologna Stone |
| Beilstein, | Nephrite | Black-ash, | Soda | Bontebok, | Bnbalis |
| Beirut, | Beyrout | Black Book of Carmarthen, | Wales | Bookmakers, | Betting |
| Bel, | Assyria, 518 | Black Country, | Staffordshire | Boomer, | Haplodon |
| Belgium, | Peasant Proprietorship | Black Crag, | Miocene System | Boonder, | Rhesus Monkey |
| Belle Toute Lighthouse, | Beachy Head | Black Dolphin, | Bean | Borate of Lime, | Hayesine |
| Belligerent, | Enemy, Neutrality | Black Hills, Dakota, | Rocky Mountains | Boric Acid, | Boric Acid |
| Bellman, | Sweden | Black Jack, | Blende, Zinc | Borough Hill, | Daventry |
| Bellotto, | Canaletto | Black-leg, | Anthrax | Borrago, | Borage |
| Belos, | Babylonia, 637 | Blackmailing, | Threats | Borzoï, | Wolf-hound |
| Bemba, | Bangweolo | Black Medick, | Shamrock | Bosses, | Igneous Rocks, 73 |
| Bemerton, | Herbert (George) | Black Saltwort, | Glanx | Bote, | Estover |
| Bendershehr, | Bushire | Black Spald, | Black Quarter | Bothan, | Beehive Houses |
| Benet College, | Cambridge | Black Sugar, | Liquorice | Bottle Imp, | Cartesian Devil |
| Bengalese, | Weaver-bird | Blackwell, | Allegiance | Boulak, | Sculpture, 265 |
| Benjamin, | Benzon | Bladderweed, | Fucus | Boule-work, | Buht-work |
| Benmore, | Fair Head | Bladder-wrap, | Seaweeds | Bouquet, | Wine |
| Benthos, | Sea | Blagbornshire, | Blackburn | Bourdeilles, | Brantôme |
| Benzine, | Benzene | Blairs College, | Scotland, 247 | Boursa, | Broussa |
| Benzoic Gum, | Benzoïn | Blanca Peak, | Colorado; U.S., 372 | Bourtree, | Elder (tree) |
| Benzol, | Benzene | Blanc de Fard, | Bismuth | Bouton, | Button |
| Benzoline, | Benzene, Naphtha | Blastosphere, | Embryology, 320 | Bowder Stone, | Borrowdale |
| Benzylc Alcohol, | Benzoic Acid | Blauw, | Blaeu | Bowenia, | Cycads |
| Beret, | Basques | Blauw-bok, | Antelope, 307 | Bowking Kiers, | Bleaching |
| Berghem, | Berchem | Blavatsky, Mme, | Theosophy | Bowmaker, Walter, | Bower |
| Bergsøe, | Denmark, 759 | Bleeding Heart, | Dicentra | Bow-wood, | Bois d'Arc |
| Bernardino, | Alps, 95 | Blencathara, | Saddleback | Box and Cox, | Morton |
| Berne, Bernese Oberland, | Bern | Blench Holding, | Blanch | Boyis, | Boece |
| Bernicle Goose, | Barnacle Goose | Blende, | Zinc | Boz, | Dickens |
| Berry-bearing Alder, | Buckthorn | Blepharitis, | Eye, 516 | Bradfield Dam, | Sheffield |
| Berytus, | Beyrout | Blesbok, | Bnbalis | Brâhmana, | Veda |
| Besique, | Bezique | Blight, American, | Aphides | Brahminy, | Zebu |
| Bessus, | Alexander, 144 | Blind-coal, | Anthracite | Brahmos, | India, 106 |
| Betham-Edwards, | Edwards | Blinkers, | Bridle | Bramber, | Shoreham |
| Bethshan, | Faith-healing | Blitong, | Billiton | Brandanes, | Bnte |
| Betjuans, | Bechuanaland | Blizhi, | Alentian Islands | Brander, | Broiling |
| Betterment, | Land Laws, 505 | Blocksberg, | Brocken | Brander, Pass of, | Awe (Loch) |
| Bettina, | Arnim, Ludwig | Blonde, | Chantilly | Brandes, Edward, | Denmark, 759 |
| Betil, | Baitul | Bloodletting, | Bleeding | Brantwood, | Coniston Lake, Ruskin |
| Bhagul, | Baghal | Bloodshot Eye, | Eye, 513 | Brasilin, | Brazil-wood |
| Bharuch, | Broach | Blood Striking, | Black Quarter | Brassy, | Bib |
| Bhaunagar, | Gogo | Bloody Assize, | Jeffreys, Monmouth | Brattice, | Bartizan |
| Bhurtpore, | Bhartpur | Bloody Council, | Alva | Brattock, | Eider-duck |
| Biana, | Bayana | Bloody Statue, | Henry VIII. | Brauer, | Brouwer |
| Blandrata, | Blandrata | Bloomsbury, | London, 703 | Brazenose College, | Oxford |
| Biborate of Soda, | Borax | Bluebreast, | Bluetthroat | Brazil, | Pedro II. |
| Bibracte, | Autun | Bluefields, | Bluefields | Brazilian Arrowroot, | Manioc |
| Bichromate, | Chrominum | Blue John, | Fluor Spar | Bread Mould, | Fungi, 36 |
| Break-bone Fever, | Dengue | Bürgi, Jost, | Byrgius | Canning, Sir S., | Stratford de Redcliffe |
| Breast-pang, | Angina Pectoris | Burgos Lustre, | Gold, 282 | Cannon Bone, | Foot, Horse |
| Breeze-fly, | Cleg | Burlaw, | Byrlaw | Canons Regular, | Augustinians |
| Brege, | Danube | Burlington House, | London, 704 | Cant, | Shelta, Slang |
| Breitmann, Hans, | Leland (C. G.) | Burning Mirror, | Mirror | Cantaliver, | Cantilever |
| Brennibor, | Brandenburg | Burrow Duck, | Sheldrake | Canterbury Bells, | Campanula |
| Brenthidæ, | Weevil | Burton, Baron, | Bass | Cantoning, | Billeting |
| Breton, | Brittany | Bush Hog, | Pig | Cantor, | Choirs |
| Breve, Papal, | Brief | Bush Negroes, | Maroons | Cantrefs, | Anglesey |
| Breviarium Alaricianum, | Code | Bussa, | Boussa | Caper Spurge, | Euphorbia |
| Briançon Manna, | Manioc | Bussorah, | Basra | Cape Sheep, | Albatross |
| Brie, | Seine et Marne | Bussy-Rabutin, | Séviigné | Cape York, | Queensland |
| Brieve, | Breve | Buteo Jackal, | Buzzard | Capitanata, | Foggia |
| Brigach, | Danube | Butler, | Ormonde (Duke of) | Cap of Dignity, | Maintenance (Cap of) |
| Brigantium, | Bregenz | Butterine, | Butter | Capollim, | Cherry |
| Brine-springs, | Salt | Buttonites, | Memonites | Caracoles, | Autofagasta, Atacama |
| Bristol-board, | Cardboard | Butyrite, | Bog Butter | Caranaiba Palm, | Carnauba, Wax |
| British East Africa, | Mombasa, Zanzibar | Butzer, | Bucer | Carbohydrates, | Diet, Digestion, Food |
| British South Africa, | Zambesia | Buxine, | Bebevine | Carcass, | Fire-ball |
| Brixia, | Brescia | Byrsa, | Dido | Carding-engine, | Spinning |
| Brock, | Badger | Byss, | Espharto | Carduelis, | Goldfinch |
| Brocklesby Hunt, | Foxhunting | Cabestanh, | Provençal, 453 | Carduus, | Thistle |
| Brodick, | Arran | Cabiri, | Cabeiri | Carisbrooke Castle, | Wight (Isle of) |
| Broghill, Baron, | Boyle (Roger) | Cabotz, | Cusso | Carjacou, | Cariacou |
| Broken Hill, | Silverton | Cabriolet, | Cabs | Carle Sunday, | Care Sunday |
| Broken Men, | Clan | Cachucha, | Dancing | Carlisle Bay, | Barbadoes |
| Brokers, | Stock-exchange | Cader Fromwen, | Denbighshire | Carmel, | Haifa |
| Bromargyrite, | Silver | Cadore, | Titian | Carmenta, | Evander |
| Bromates, | Bromic Acid | Cadzow, | Hamilton | Carnauba Wax, | Wax |
| Bromite, Bromyrite, | Silver | Cæcilian, | Donatists | Caron, Pierre A., | Beaumarchais |
| Bronzes, | Cyclopes | Cælian Mount, | Rome | Carpal Bones, | Hand, Foot, Skeleton |
| Bronzing Liquid, | Aniline, 283 | Caer Dyke, | Canal | Carpathian Gate, | Danube |
| Bronzing Salt, | Antimony | Caffine, | Food | Carre, | Ker, Overbury |
| Broom, | Brushes | Caffres, | Kaffirs | Carrera, Rafael, | Guatemala |
| Broom-tree, | Leptospermum | Caiman, | Alligator | Carrick, Earl of, | Bruce |
| Brougham, | Carriage | Caius College, | Cambridge | Carr Rock, | Beacon |
| Brown Billy, | Cornwall | Calais, | Harbour, 553 | Cartesius, | Descartes |
| Brown Coal, | Tar | Calandra, | Corn Insects | Cartomancy, | Divination |
| Brown, Dr Thomas, | Scottish Philosophy | Calcedony, | Chalcedony | Caryes, | Athos |
| Browne, Dr Collis, | Chlorodyne | Calcedra Wood, | Flindersia | Caryophyllia, | Coral |
| Brownhill, F. R., | Robson (Frederick) | Calc-sinter, | Calcareous Tufa | Casa Real, | Alhambra |
| Browning, R., | Strafford, 758 | Calcutta, | Thackeray (W. M.) | Casbeck, | Kazbek, Caucasus |
| Bruin, | Bear | Caldera, | Canary Islands | Cascara Sagrada, | Constipation |
| Brumagem, | Birmingham | Caliari, | Veronese | Cashmere, | Shawls |
| Brunei, | Borneo | Calico Bush, | Kalmia | Caskets, | Alderney |
| Brusa, | Broussa, Bithynia | Calippic Cycle, | Chronology, 226 | Casmene, | Scieli |
| Brush Light, | Electric Light | Callecalle, | Chili | Cassimere, | Kerseymere |
| Bryanites, | Bible Christians | Calliard, | Ganister | Cassino, | San Germano |
| Brythonic, | Celts | Calling the Diet, | Arraignment | Cassius, | Purple Colours |
| Buansih, | Dog, 38 | Callippus, | Astronomy, 526 | Castilla Ramon, | Peru, 81 |
| Bubble Act, | South Sea Scheme | Callisthenics, | Calisthenics | Casting, | Founding |
| Bückeburg, | Schaumburg Lippe | Callisto, | Cynosure | Castle Campbell, | Dollar |
| Bucket Fever, | Dengue | Callistus, | Hippolytus | Castle-Semple, | Collegiate Churches |
| Bucket Leg, | Artificial Limbs | Callitris, | Sandarac | Castriot, | Scanderbeg |
| Buckie, | Whelk | Callorhynchus, | Chimæra | Casual Poor, | Vagrants |
| Buddha, | Barlaam and Josaphat | Calluna, | Heath | Catabolism, | Protoplasm |
| Budé, | Budæus | Callmar, Union of, | Denmark, 757 | Catacaustic, | Caustics |
| Buene, | Africa, 82 | Camail, | Armour | Catalclysmists, | Geology, 149 |
| Buff, | Dyeing, 136 | Camboge, | Gamboge | Catalan Furnace, | Iron, 217 |
| Buffalo-bird, | Beef-eater | Camboja, | Cambodia | Catamenia, | Menstruation |
| Buffalo-tree, | Santalaceæ | Camel-hair, | Hair Manufactures | Catastrophists, | Geology, 149 |
| Buffs, | Army, 433, 435 | Campagna, | Maremma | Catawba, | Catalpa |
| Bugis, | Boni | Campbell, | Argyil | Catchfly, | Silene |
| Bugle-weed, | Gypsy-wort | Campbellites, | Baptists | Catchfly, German, | Lychnis |
| Bugwort, | Bugbane | Campeador, | Cid | Catenæ, | Exegesis |
| Bull, | Stock-exchange | Camp Fever, | Typhus | Cat-fish, | Siluridæ, Wolf-fish |
| Bullarium, | Bull | Camphire, | Campvere | Catharine of Sweden, St, | Bridget (St) |
| Bullers of Buchan, | Buchan | Camphor, Tincture of, | Paregoric | Catharists, | Cathari |
| Bull's Eye, | Aldebaran | Campus Martius, | Rome, 783 | Catherine, Mount, | Sinai |
| Bull-terrier, | Bulldog | Cana, | Dahomey | Cat's Concert, | Charivari |
| Bully-tree, | Bullet-tree | Canara, Hemp, | Apocynaceæ | Cat's-foot, | Cudweed |
| Bummaloti, | Bombay Duck | Canara, | Kanara | Cat Stane, | Sculptured Stones |
| Bunas, | Banas | Cancer, | Tongue, Stomach | Catsup, | Ketchup |
| Burdwan, | Bardwan | Candace, | Ethiopia | Cat Thyme, | Germander |
| Bure, | Broads | Candida Casa, | Whithorn | Cattræth, | Anewrin |
| Burgee, | Flag | Cane, Grotta del, | Grotta | Causes, | France, 770 |
| Burgh, Hubert de, | Henry III., 645 | Canino, Prince of, | Bonafarte | Cavendish College, | Cambridge |
| Burgher, | Burgess | Canna-root, | Mesembryaceæ | Cave-temples, | Rock-temples |
| Burghley House, | Stamford | Canned Provisions, | Preserved Provisions | Cazique, | Cacique |
| Burgh Muir, | Edinburgh | Cebadilla, | Sabadilla |
| Cecropia, | Athens | Chiropodist, | Corns | Clydesdale, | Lanarkshire |
| Cedar Apples, | Plants | Chiü-chiang, | Kih-kiang | Cnidoblasts, | Hydra, Stinging-cells |
| Célérifère, | Cycling | Chlamydoselachus, | Fishes, 657 | Cnut, | Canute |
| Celestius, | Pelagius | Chlorargyrite, | Silver | Coaita, | Spider Monkey |
| Cembra Nuts, | Pine | Chlorate of Potass, | Potassium, 354 | Coal, | United States, 375 |
| Cementing-furnace, | Steel | Chlorates, | Chloric Acid | Coal, Brown, | Lignite |
| Cenomyce, | Reindeer Moss | Chloride, | Chlorine | Coal-gas, | Gas-lighting |
| Cental, | Avoirdupois | Chloride of Ammonium, | Sal Ammoniac | Coast Brigade, | Artillery |
| Centgards, | Cuirassiers | Chloride of Sodium, | Salt | Cocceanus, | Dion Cassius |
| Centime, | Cent | Chlorohydric Acid, | Hydrochloric Acid | Cochin Leg, | Elaphantiasis |
| Central Valley, | United States, 371 | Chlorovaporisation, | Veget. Physiology | Cock's-spur Thorn, | Crataegus |
| Centre-board, | Yacht | Chobe, | Kwando | Cockswain, | Coxswain |
| Cephiussus, | Bæotia | Choragus, | Chorus | Coco Root, | Cocco |
| Ceramicus, | Athens, 538 | Chorasmians, | Khiva, Palestine, 713 | Cocosin, Cocostearin, | Cocoa-nut |
| Cerargyrite, | Silver | Chorea Machabæorum, | Dance of Death | Cocomiglia, | Cocomilia |
| Cerealía, | Festivals | Chorus, | Music | Code Napoléon, | Land Laws, 503, 505 |
| Cerebellum, | Brain | Chou Caraibe, | Brazil Cabbage | Codomannus, | Darius III. |
| Cerite, | Cerium | Christ Church, | Oxford | Cælestius, | Pelagius |
| Certosa-work, | Inlaying | Christiansborg, | Copenhagen | Cæleme-theory, | Embryology, 320 |
| Cerulein, | Dyeing, 141 | Christology, | Christ | Cohorn, | Coehoorn |
| Ceruminous Glands, | Skin | Christ's Church, | Cambridge | Coke, T. C., | Leicester of Holkham |
| Cestum Veneris, | Ctenophora | Chromate, Chrome, | Chromium | Colin Clout, | English Literature, 369 |
| Chabasite, | Zinc | Chromatin, | Cell, 48, 52 | Collagen, | Food |
| Chabert's Disease, | Black Quarter | Chrysammic Acid, | Dyeing, 139 | Collapse, | Shock |
| Chacma, | Baboon | Chrysome, | Baptism | College of Preceptors, | Education, 219 |
| Chaghtai Dialect, | Turkey, 335 | Chrysophane, | Rhubarb | Collimeter, | Spectrum |
| Chagos Islands, | Diego Garcia | Chupat, | Chubat | Colling, | Cattle |
| Chaidam, | Tibet | Churn Owl, | Goatsucker | Collop Monday, | Shrovetide |
| Chaitya, | India, 109 | Cibol, | Welsh Onion | Colm, St, | Columba (St) |
| Chalcography, | Engraving | Ciboria, | Baldachin | Colombo, in Medicine, | Calumba |
| Chalcopyrite, | Copper | Cichoraceæ, | Compositæ | Colonus, | Athens, 537 |
| Challenger, | Sea | Cigars, | Tobacco | Colpetty, | Colombo |
| Chalukyan Style, | India, 109 | Cigar-tree, | Catalpa | Colugo, | Flying Animals |
| Champa, | Annam | Ciliary Processes, | Eye | Colum-cille, St, | Columba (St) |
| Change, | Exchange | Ciliata, | Infusoria | Combat, Trial by, | Battle |
| Change-ringing, | Bell | Cima, Giambattista, | Conegliano | Commercial System, | Colonial System |
| Chappin, | Chopin | Cimaruta, | Evil Eye | Commune Sanctorum, | Breviary |
| Charasmians, | Khiva, Palestine, 713 | Cingulum, | Cestus | Comneus, | Isaac I. |
| Chardin, | Caneiform | Cinnamon, Wild, | Myrceæ | Completorium, | Breviary |
| Chards, | Beet | Circle of Ulloa. | Anthelia | Complutum, | Alcala de Henares |
| Charlemagne, | Huon, Romances | Circumcelliones, | Donatists | Composant Fire, | Elmo's Fire (St) |
| Charles Martel, | Charles, 115 | Cire Perdue, | Founding | Concan, | Konkan |
| Charles's Wain, | Ursa Major | Cisleithania, | Austria | Concha, | Ear |
| Charlies, | Police | Cithern, | Zither | Conch-shells, | Strombus |
| Charpoy, | Bed | Citium, | Larnaca | Concorezensians, | Cathari |
| Chart, Weather, | Storms | Citrate, | Citric Acid | Coney, | Cony |
| Chatir Dagh, | Crimea | Citronella Oil, | Grass-oil | Conisborough Castle, | Doncaster |
| Chatrian, | Erckmann-Chatrian | Citrul, | Melon | Conjunctivitis, | Eye, 513 |
| Chatrys, | Henry IV. of England | City Guard, | Police | Connel Ferry, | Etive |
| Chatterawah, | Big Sandy River | Cive, | Chive | Conopius, Nathaniel, | Greek Church, 400 |
| Chatterers, | Manakin | Clams, | Scallops | Constabulary, Royal Irish, | Police |
| Chatti, | Catti | Clan-na-Gael, | Fenians | Constantine, | Scotland |
| Chaud-medley, | Chance-medley | Clanny, | Safety Lamp | Contrabandista, | Smuggling |
| Cheetal, | Axis | Clare College, | Cambridge | Contusion, | Bruise |
| Cheiromancy, | Palmistry | Clarence, Duke, | Albert, Sandringham | Conus, | Cone-shell |
| Cheiron, | Chiron | Clarke, Marcus, | Australia, 594 | Conversations-Lexikon, | Encyclopædia |
| Chelmo, | Chætodon | Clarty Hole, | Abbotsford | Conyza Squarrosa, | Fleabane |
| Chemical Food, | Parrish (Edward) | Clauda, | Crete | Coomb, | Comb |
| Chequer-flower, | Fritillary | Claude of Lorraine, | Guise | Coon, | Raccoon |
| Cheroots, | Tobacco | Clay-slate, | Slate | Coper, | Cooperation |
| Chessylite, | Copper | Clencher-built, | Boat | Copperah, | Copra |
| Chevalier, | Knighthood | Cleopatra's Needle, | Obelisk | Coracias, | Roller |
| Chevalier, Sulpice G., | Gavarni | Cliff-dwellers, | America, 219, 225 | Coral-root, | Dentaria |
| Chibchas, | Colombia, 355 | Clione, | Boring-animals | Corcyra, | Corfu |
| Chickling Vetch, | Sweet Pea | Clitus, | Alexander, 145 | Cordials, | Liqueur |
| Chicle, | Chewing-gum | Clodius, | Cicero | Cordyline, | Dragon-tree |
| Chicot, | Gymnocladus | Cloghaun, | Beehive Houses | Cork, Earl of, | Boyle (Richard) |
| Chignecto, | Nova Scotia, Railways, 556 | Cloisonné, | Enamel | Cork Convent, | Cintra |
| Chikara, | Antelope | Clopinel, Jean, | Mewng | Cormontaigne, | Fortification |
| Chili Pine, | Araucaria | Cloth of Gold, Field of, | Francis I. | Corn, | Stock-exchange |
| Chili-saltpetre, | Sodium, 554 | Clôture, | Closure | Corn-flag, | Iris |
| Chimaphila, | Wintergreen | Cloud Prominences, | Sun | Corn-law Rhymer, | Elliott (Ebenezer) |
| Chinampas, | Floating-islands | Clough, Miss A., | Women's Rights | Corn Marigold, | Chrysanthemum |
| China-stone, | Cornwall | Clova, | Earth-houses | Cornopean, | Cornet |
| Chinchona, | Chinchona | Clove-hitch, | Dislocation | Corollifloræ, | Flower, 691 |
| Chinese Lantern Plant, | Dicentra | Club-moss, | Selaginella | Corona, | Sun, Halos |
| Chingis, | Genghis Khan | Club-root, | Anbury, Plants | Coronation Gulf, | Barrov |
| Chinnereth, Sea of, | Galilee | Club-shell, | Clavagella | Corporale, | Chalice |
| Chinquipin, | Chestnut | Cluny Hill, | Forres | Corpse-gate, | Lych-gate |
| Chins, | Burna | Cluricaun, | Fairies | Corpus Christi Coll., | Cambridge, Oxford |
| Corra Linn, | Clyde | Curiality, | Courtesy | Denmark, | Peasant Proprietorship |
| Corroval, | Curari | Curia Regis, | Common Law | Density, | Specific Density |
| Corsac, | Fox | Curradi, Domenico, | Ghirlandajo | Deodar, | Timber |
| Corsets, | Tight-lacing | Currer Bell, | Brontë | D'Éon, | Éon |
| Corseult, | Dinan | Curvature of the Spine, | Spinal Column | Deoprayag, | Devaprayaga |
| Corsican Furnace, | Iron, 217 | Cuscus, | Phalanger | Depletion, | Bleeding |
| Cortex, | Bark | Cuvette, | Font | De Rancé, | Trappists |
| Corvus, | Crow | Cyanates, Cyanides, | Cyanogen | Derbyshire Neck, | Goitre |
| Corydallus, | Athens | Cyanophyll, | Chlorophyll | Derketo, | Dagon |
| Corypha, | Fibrous Substances | Cyclometopa, | Crab | Derpt, | Dorfat |
| Costard, | Apple | Cyclopean Works, | Pelasgian | Derry, | Londonberry |
| Cotswold Hills, | Coteswold | Cyclopterus, | Lumpsucker | Desargues, | Geometry |
| Cottars, | Crofter | Cyder, | Cider | Desiderius, | Charlemagne |
| Cottereau, Jean, | Chouans | Cydonia, | Quince | Desilvering, | Lead, 544 |
| Cotton Blue, | Dyeing, 141 | Cymmrodorion, | Book-club | Desire, | Psychology |
| Coucal, | Cuckoo | Cynarocephalæ, | Compositæ | Desolation Island, | Kerguelen's Lanta |
| Coulée, | America, 215 | Cynosura, | Ursa Major | Destroying Angels, | Danites |
| Coulisse, | Stock-exchange | Cynthia, | Artemis | Deva, | Chester |
| Coulterneb, | Puffin | Cyrenaic Philosophy, | Aristippus | Devil's Ditch, | Cambridgeshire |
| Counsel, | King's or Queen's Counsel | Cytoplasm, | Cell, 47 | Devil's Lake, | America, 216; Dakota |
| Counting-out Rhymes, | Folklore | Czerski, | German Catholics | De Wint, | Wint |
| Coup de Soleil, | Sunstroke | Czimalom, | Dulcimer | Dextrose, | Sugar |
| Court of Chivalry, | Battle (Wager of) | Dabb, | Agamidæ | Deyr-el-Bahri, | Thebes |
| Court of Passage, | Common Law | Dacia, | Transylvania | Dhol, | Cynodon |
| Court of Pie Poudre, | Common Law | Dactylopterus, | Flying Fish | Dia, | Crete |
| Court of Request, | Common Law | Daer Water, | Clyde | Dialectics, | Metaphysics |
| Couverture, | Husband and Wife | Dair-el-Bahari, | Thebes | Diamide | Amidogen |
| Cowage, | Cowhage | Dalada, | Ceylon, 79 | Diampfer, | Thomas (Christians of St) |
| Cowgrass, | Clover | Dalarné, | Dalecarlia | Diamyl, | Amyl |
| Cowley Fathers, | Monachism, 266 | Dalrymple, | Stair | Diana, | Artemis |
| Cowpox, | Vaccination | Dam, | Water, 570 | Diapedesis, | Brownian Movement |
| Crachami, | Deformities | Dambrod, | Draughts | Diastole, | Circulation, 263 |
| Crakeberry, | Crowberry | Damien, Father, | Hawaii | Diatessaron, | Tatian |
| Crank, | Tread-wheel | Damourite, | Mica | Diatoms, | Infusorial Earth, Sea |
| Crazy, | Rocky Mountains | Dandriff, | Pityriasis | Diatonic, | Scale |
| Creeper, Virginian, | Ampelopsis | Dandy Fever, | Dengue | Diavolo, | Fra Diavolo |
| Crees, | American Indians, 226 | Danewort, | Elder (tree) | Diazotype, | Photography, 151 |
| Crefeld, | Krefeld | Dangerfield, | Meal-tub Plot | Dibenzoyl, | Benzoyl |
| Cressida, | Troilus | Danian Beds, | Cretaceous System | Diedenhofen, | Thionville |
| Cresylite, | Shells, 386 | Daniell Cell, | Electricity, 266 | Dielectrics, | Electricity, Polarisation |
| Crewe's Disinfecting Liquid, | Burnett's | Danse Macabre, | Dance of Death | Dieytra, | Dicentra |
| Crichton, | James II. (Scotland) | Dantsic, | Danzig | Diffraction-grating, | Spectrum |
| Cricoid, | Larynx | Dara, | Aurungzebe | Digallie Acid, | Tannin |
| Crisis, | Fever | Dare, | Dace | Digarchi, | Shigatze |
| Crocodile River, | Oori | Dariel, | Cancasus | Digitonin, Digitoxin, | Digitalis |
| Cro-Magnon, | Stone Age | Darling Harbour, | Sydney | Dilemi, | Persia, 68 |
| Cromek, | Cunningham (Allan) | Dart, | Dace | Dindymene, | Cybele |
| Cromer Forest-bed, | Pliocene System | Dasornis, | Eocene System | Dinghy, | Boat |
| Crossing, | Hybrid | Daturine, | Thorn Apple | Dinothorium, | Mammoth |
| Crotal, | Bell | Davidists, | Family of Love | Dione, | Dodona |
| Croton Bug, | Bookworm | Davila, Pedrarias, | Balboa | Dioptase, | Emerald Copper |
| Croupier, | Rouge et Noir | Davy, | Safety Lamp | Diorite, | Igneous Rocks |
| Crowner, | Coroner | Dawk, | Dak | Diospolis Magna, | Thebes |
| Crown-room, | Regalia | Dayaks, | Dyaks | Dip Circle, | Dipping-needle |
| Crow-steps, | Corbie-steps | Day-book, | Book-keeping | Dipper, | Ursa Major |
| Croyland, | Crowland, Bridge | Dearborn, Fort, | Chicago | Dirge, | Requiem |
| Crucifix, | Gypsies, 486 | De Bèze, | Beza | Discobolus, | Quoit |
| Cruives, | Salmon, 116 | Decani, | Choirs | Discount-brokers, | Bill-broker |
| Cruthnig, | Picts | Decare, | Are | Displacements, | Womb |
| Crux, | Cross | Decline, | Consumption | Dissipation of Energy, | Energy |
| Crystal, Magic, | Crystallophony | De Donis, | Entail | Disthene, | Cyanite |
| Crystalline Lens, | Eye, 508 | Deeds, | Will (Legal) | Diver, | Cartesian Devil |
| Crystal Pock, | Chicken-pox | Deer Berry, | Gaultheria | Divination, | Sortes Virgilianæ |
| Cuckoo-flower, | Cress | Deerhound, | Staghound | Divinity School, | Oxford |
| Cuckoo's Leader, | Wryneck | Degutt, | Birch | Divisional Court, | Banc |
| Cucujos, | Firefly | Dehwars, | Beluchistan | Divot, | Feal |
| Cucumber-tree, | Oxalidææ | De Lamotte, | Diamond Necklace | Dogberry, | Dogwood |
| Cucumis, | Colocynth | Delaunay, | Bastille | Dog's Mercury, | Mercury |
| Culbin Sands, | Drift | Delaunay, Emanuel, | Antraignes | Dog's Tail, | Ursa Major |
| Cullet, | Glass, 239 | D'Elcano, | Basques, Circumnavigation | Dogstar, | Sirius |
| Cullin, Lough, | Conn | De l'Epée, | Deaf and Dumb | Dog-tooth Spar, | Calcite |
| Cumbria, | Bretts | Delian Problem, | Doubling the Cube | Dogwood-tree, | Leptospermum |
| Cumulus, | Clouds | De Lisle, | Leconte de Lisle | Dolcino, | Apostolic Brethren |
| Cumyn, | Comyn | Della Porta, Baccio, | Bartolommeo | Dolcoath, | Cornuwall |
| Cunard Co., | Shipbuilding | Demiurgos, | Gnosticism | Dolours, | Seven Dolours |
| Cunobelin, | Cochester | Demoiselles, | Crane | Dom, | Don |
| Cupric Oxide, | Copper | Demoniacal Possession, | Witchcraft | Dominica in Albis, | Alb |
| Cuprite, Cuprous Oxide, | Copper | Dempster, | Deenster | Dominie, | Dominus |
| Curassou, | Curacao | Denes, | Downs | Domovoy, | Brownie |
| Curd. | Casein, Cheese | Donnelly, | Cryptography |
| Dorian, Plain-song | Efik, Calabar | Eslam, Islam |
| Dorothea of Zell, George I. | Egg-apple, Egg-plant | Espionage of Letters, Post-office, 350 |
| Dorstone, Herefordshire | Egibi, Banking, Writing | Esquiline, Mont, Rome |
| Dost Mohammed, Afghanistan, 78 | Eidola, Bacon, Epicurus | Estienne, Stephens |
| Dou, Gerard, Dow | Eight, Piece of, Piastre | Estranghelo, Alphabet, 188 |
| Double Consciousness, Personality | Eisach, Brenner | Eswan, Assonan |
| Doucin, Apple | Eklogite, Eclogite | Ethesian Winds, Wind |
| Douglas, Queensberry (Duke of) | Elaïometer, Oleometer | Ethnography, Ethnology |
| Douglas Pine, Timber | Elath, Akabah | Ethylene, Olefant Gas |
| Dower, Jointure, Widow | Elborus, Asia, 487 | Étienne, Stephens |
| Downing College, Cambridge | Elder Brethren, Secret Societies | Etiolin, Chlorophyll |
| Drachmann, Denmark, 759 | Elderslie, Wallace (Sir W.) | Etiology, Ætiology |
| Dragon-plant, Arum | Eldin, Lord, Clerk (John) | Euchologion, Prayer |
| Draisnene, Cycling | Eleanor, Edward I. | Eudoxia, Genseric |
| Drake, Duck | Eleanor of Aquitaine, Henry II., 645 | Eulachon, Arcadius, Genseric |
| Drastics, Aperients | Electors, Representation | Eulachon, Candle-fish |
| Drepane, Corfu | Electrode, Electricity, 256, 270 | Euplectella, Sponges |
| Dreyse, J. von, Rifles | Electrolytes, Electricity, 270 | Euraquilo, Euroclydon |
| Drift-nets, Fisheries | Electroscope, Electricity, 256 | Euryale, Gorgon |
| Dropsy, Hydrocele | Elephant's Tusk Shell, Dentalium | Eurypharynx, Pelican Fish |
| Drosophyllum, Insectivorous Plants, 163 | Eleusinia, Demeter | Eusebius, Sanchiniathon |
| Druidical-bead, Snakes | Elgon, Ligonyi | Euskaldunak, Basques |
| Drumadoon, Arran | El-Hasa, Arabia, 362, 364 | Eustachian Tube, Ear |
| Drumfish, Sheephead | Eligius, Eloi | Eutheria, Mammals, 4 |
| Drumlanrig Castle, Dunfriesshire | Eliott, G. A., General, Heathfield | Eutychus, Christ |
| Drummond Castle, Crieff | Eliseg Pillar, Denbighshire | Evensong, Breviary |
| Drummossie Muir, Culloden | Elissa, Dido | Evergreen Oak, Ilex |
| Drusilla, Felix | Elizabeth of York, Henry VII. | Everlasting Pea, Sweet Pea |
| Dual Monarchy, Austria | El-Jezira, Mesopotamia | Everlasting Punishment, Hell |
| Duchas, Allodium | Elk Mountains, Rocky Mountains | Evidence, Queen's, Approver |
| Dudaim, Cucumber | El Mariüt, Mareotis | Exempla, Fables |
| Dudley, Guildford, Edward VI. | Elm-bark Beetle, Bark-beetles | Exeter College, Oxford |
| Duff House, Banff | Elstow, Bunyan | Exogamy, Marriage, Family |
| Dukery, Workshop | Eltham Palace, London, 706 | Exorcism, Witchcraft |
| Dulong, Chemistry, 147 | Emanuel College, Cambridge | Exostosis, Teeth |
| Duna-Földvar, Földvar | Ember Goose, Diver | Experiment, Science |
| Dunbarton, Dunbarton | Embolite, Silver | Eyes, Falconry |
| Dunce, Duns Scotus | Embryology, Zoology | Eyyub, Constantinople, 435 |
| Dunkards, Tunkers | Emma, Queen, Edward the Confessor | Faber, Engraving |
| Dunlop Cheese, Ayrshire | Emotions, Empiricism, Psychology | Fagaceæ, Cupuliferae |
| Dunnet Head, Caithness | Encaustic Painting, Mural Decoration | Fagin, Beech |
| Dunnoch, Hedge-sparrow | Enchanter's Nightshade, Circaea | Faham, Faam |
| Duns, Brocks | Enchiridion, Chorale | Fair Havens, Crete |
| Dunsmen, Duns Scotus | Encyclopædists, Zoology | Fairlop Oak, Eppling |
| Dunter Duck, Eider-duck | Endoplasm, Cell, 47 | Fairy Martin, Swallow |
| Durham Book, British Museum, 462 | Endorsement, Indorsement | Fairystones, Concretionary Structure |
| Durrow, Columba (St) | Energiatype, Ferrotypic | Fal, Cornwall |
| Dusty Miller, Auricula | Eneuresis, Urine | Falcon, Sparrow-hawk |
| Dutchman's Pipe, Aristolochia | Engraving on Stone, Lithography | Falstaff, Fastolf |
| Dutch White, Baryta | Ense, Varnhagen von Ense | Familists, Family of Love |
| Duvel, Engraving | Enterkin Pass, Dunfriesshire | Famine-fever, Relapsing-fever |
| Duyker, Bush Antelope | Enzina, Encina | Fanar, Constantinople |
| Dwarfie Stone, Hoy | Epakto, Lepanto | Fantail, Fly-catcher |
| Dybböl, Düppel | Epaulement, Breastwork | Paradism, Electricity, Medical |
| Dyer's Rocket, Dyer's Weed, Weld | Ephippus, Chatodon | Fardingale, Farthingale |
| Dyne, Force | Ephthalites, Huns | Fergus, F. J., Conway (Hugh) |
| Dyotheletism, Christ | Epidamnus, Durazzo | Farina, Manioc |
| Dzeren, Antelopes | Epigenesis, Embryology | Farnborough, Lord, Erskine (Sir T. May) |
| Eagle Isle, Achill | Epigoni, Alcmaon | Fasa, Fesa |
| Eagle Wood, Aloes Wood | Epistemology, Philosophy, 129 | Fascinum, Evil Eye |
| Ealdorman, Alderman, County, Earl | Equites, Equestrian Order | Fasting-tide, Shrove-tide |
| Ealdred, Aldred | Eran, Iran | Fat Cells, Adipose Tissue |
| East Africa Company, Mombasa | Erasisstratus, Physiology, 162 | Fatty Degeneration, Heart |
| Eastmen, Northmen | Erech, Babylonia, 633 | Faustin I., Hayti |
| Easton's Syrup, Syrup, Tonics | Eremite, Hermit | Fay, Fairies |
| Eastwell Park, Ashford | Eria, Silk, 456 | Fayence, Faience |
| Eata, St, Cutkbert (St) | Eri-aku, Babylonia, 633 | Fearne Islands, Farne Islands |
| Eau de Noyau, Apricot | Erichthonius, Erechtheus | Feather-stars, Crinoidea |
| Ebbsfleet, Ramsgate | Eridhu, Babylonia, 635, 636 | Febris Diaria, Ephemera |
| Ebonite, India-rubber, 125 | Erinyes, Eumenides | Fecula, Cookery |
| Echinococcus, Hydatid | Eriophorum, Fibrous Substances | Feeling, Psychology |
| Economics, Political Economy | Eritrea, Italy, 240 | Feldberg, Black Forest |
| Économites, Rapp (George) | Ernestine Line, Saxony, 286 | Félibres, Provençal |
| Écossaise, Dancing | Erromango, Williams (John) | Fellani, Fellata, Fulaks |
| Ectoplasm, Cell, 47 | Erskine Family, Mar | Feme, Femme, Baron, 753 |
| Eddoes, Arum, Taro | Erubescite, Copper | Fennec, Fox |
| Edgar, Scotland | Erysiphe, Oidium | Fergus, Scotland |
| Edgbaston, Deaf, 708; Newman | Eschalot, Shallot | Fergusonite, Yttrium |
| Edmundsbury, St, Bury St Edmunds | Escuage, Scutage | Fern Islands, Farne Islands |
| Eshcol, Hebron | Fern Owl, Goatsucker |
| Ferozepore, | Firozpur | Freia, | Planets | Ghagra, | Gogra |
| Fersala, | Pharsalus | Frémont's Peak, | Rocky Mountains | Ghardala, | Gardain |
| Festival of Fools, | Basel (Council of) | Frescobaldi, | Fugue | Gherkin, | Cucumber |
| Fetid-spar, | Fluor Spar | Fresh-water Shrimp, | Gammarus | Ghin-shan, | Altai |
| Fiacre, | Cabs, Hosiery | Frith-stool, | Sanctuary | Ghuznee, | Ghazni |
| Fiammingo, Dionisio, | Calvaert (Denis) | Frog-hopper, | Froth-fly | Ghuzz, | Seljuks |
| Fibre, | Muscle, Paper | Frush, | Thrush | Giacomo da Ponte, | Bassano |
| Ficoideæ, | Mesembryaceæ | Fu-chien, | China, 184, 186 | Giant Mountains, | Riesengebirge |
| Fictile Ivory, | Gypsum | Fuchsel, | Geology | Giaour, | Infidel |
| Fidimin, | Fayyum | Fulvia, | Augustus | Gibécère, | Conjuring |
| Field of the Blackbirds, | Servia, 326 | Fulwa Tree, | Butter-tree | Gid, | Sturdy |
| Field of the Cloth of Gold, | Henry VIII. | Funafuti, | Ellice Islands | Giessbach, | Brienz |
| Fierabras, | Romances | Fung, | Fum | Gig, | Boat |
| Fierasfer, | Fishes, 655 | Fungus, | Saprophytic Plants | Gihon, | Eden |
| Figueroa, | Cuneiform | Furlani, | Friuli | Gill-ale, | Ground-ivy |
| Filibeg, | Highland Costume | Furmety, | Frumenty | Gilmorehill, | Glasgow, 235 |
| Fimguerro, | Engraving | Furst, Walter, | Switzerland, 24 | Gilp, Loch, | Fyne (Loch) |
| Finch, | Snow-bird | Fylfot, | Cross | Giovannali, | Communism |
| Finnan, | Findon | Gabardine, | Gaberlunzie | Girdler Bank, | Beacon |
| Fire, | Ordeal | Gabbaroe, | Embalming | Girling, Mrs, | Shakers (English) |
| Fire, Great, | London, 700 | Gaddir, | Cadiz | Girls' Friendly Soc., | Young Men's C. A. |
| Fire-alarms, Fire-brigade, | Fire | Gadoline, | Erbiun | Gitagovinda, | Sanskrit |
| Fire-bird, | Baltimore Bird | Gaduin, | Cod-liver Oil | Gizdhubar, | Babylonia, Deluge |
| Fire-drake, | Dragon | Gagas, | Yet | Gladsmuir, | Prestonpans |
| Fire-flaire, | Sting-ray | Galam Butter, | Butter-tree | Glaive, | Battle-axe |
| Firehole River, | Yellowstone | Galekaland, | Transkei | Glamis Castle, | Forfar |
| Fire Opal, | Girasol | Galeopithecus, | Flying Animals | Glasinnis, | Atlantis |
| Fireweed, | Epilobium, Senecio | Gallejos, | Galicia | Glasnevin, | Dublin |
| Fisher, James, | U.P. Church | Gallein, | Dyeing, 141 | Glastonbury Thorn, | Hawthorn |
| Fishguard, | Pembrokeshire | Galley-worms, | Centipede | Glaucinite, | Green Earth |
| Fish-hawk, | Osprey | Galli, | Cybele | Gled, | Kite |
| Fish-skin Disease, | Ichthyosis | Gallina, | Guinea Fowl | Gleditschia, | Honey Locust |
| Fitchet, | Polecat | Gall-nuts, | Galls | Glonoin, | Nitro-glycerine |
| Fitzalan, | Arundel, Stewart | Gallo-Græcia, | Galatia | Glossary, | Dictionary |
| Fitzwilliam Museum, | Cambridge | Gallows, | Pit | Glossic, | Phonetics |
| Five Nations, | Iroquois | Gall's Type, | Blind | Glover, Miss, | Sol-fa System |
| Fixed Air, | Carbonic Acid | Galvanometer, | Electricity, 265 | Glucide, | Saccharin |
| Flagellata, | Infusoria | Galyzin, | Galitzin | Glut, | Grig |
| Flame-organ, | Pyrophone | Gambier-Parry, | Mural Decoration | Glyphography, | Illustration |
| Flame Prominence, | Sun | Ganganelli, | Clement XIV. | Goa Powder, | Andira |
| Flitter-mouse, | Bat | Gangrene, | Plants | Goatfell, | Arran |
| Flood Island, | Blasting | Gansfort, | Wessel (Johann) | Goatweed, | Bishopweed |
| Floors Castle, | Kelso | Gantocks, | Beacon | Gobel, | Grégoire |
| Flora, | Planets | Garbanzo, | Food | Goel, | City of Refuge |
| Floral Games, | Academy, Provençal | Garden Warbler, | White Throat | Golden Ass, | Apuleius |
| Flos Ferri, | Aragonite | Garfish, | Sea-pike | Golden Carp, | Goldfish |
| Flower of Crete, | Mesembryaceæ | Garisenda, | Bologna | Golden Chersonese, | Malacca |
| Fluents, | Fluxions | Garrywhin, | Barron | Golden Feather, | Crysanthemum |
| Fly Agaric, | Amanita | Garuda, | Eagle | Golden Mountains, | Altai |
| Flying Mouse, | Australia, 590 | Garvie, | Sprat | Golden Willow, | Osier |
| Fly-trap, | Dogbane | Gaspereau, | Alewife | Goldfinny, | Goldsinny |
| Fo, | Buddhism | Gas-stoves, | Warming, 549 | Goldschmidt, | Denmark, 759 |
| Fogbow, | Halos | Gaster, | Folklore | Gold Stick, | Archery, 389 |
| Fog-crystals, | Frost | Gastrula, | Embryology, 320 | Goliath, | Gath, Giants |
| Fogo, | Cape Verd Islands | Gâthas, | Zend | Golyzin, | Galitzin |
| Fog-signals, | Lighthouse, 627 | Gathorne-Hardy, | Cranbrook | Gombo, | Gobbo |
| Folie Circulaire, | Insanity, 154 | Gaulonitis, | Bashan | Gomul, | Zhob |
| Forage, | Ration | Gavdo, | Crete | Gonville College, | Cambridge |
| Fort Alamo, | San Antonio | Ge, | Gæa | Goosefoot, | Chenopodium |
| Fort Macquarie, | Sydney | Gebal, | Byblos | Gordon-Cumming, | Cumming |
| Fort Pitt, | Chatham | Gedd, | Pike | Gorebill, | Gar-pike |
| Foscaro, | Venice | Geddes, | Engraving | Gorini, | Cremation |
| Foss Dyke, | Canal | Geladas, | Baboon | Gornu, | Bornu |
| Fougasse, | Mines | Gell-ale, | Ground-ivy | Gorse, | Furæ |
| Foul-damp, | Choke-damp | Gellée, Claude, | Claude | Gossudar, | Czar |
| Fountain-shells, | Strombus | Gemini, Thomas, | Anatomy, 253 | Go-to-bed-at-noon, | Goat's Beard |
| Four-in-hand Club, | Coaching | Gemmule, | Heredity | Gottland, | Gotland |
| Fourth Party, | Churchill (Lord R.) | Generelli, Cirillo, | Geology, 148 | Gottschalk, | Predestination, Rabanus |
| Fourvières, | Lyons | Gennadius, George, | Greek Church, 399 | Gould, John, | Humming-bird |
| Foy, | Fowey | Geophilidæ, | Centipede | Gour, | Gaur |
| Fractionation, | Analysis, 249 | Georama, | Panorama | Gourami, | Goramy |
| Franciade, | Calendar | George, Prince, | York (Dukedom of) | Gout-fly, | Corn Insects |
| Franklinitæ, | Zinc | Georgium Sidus, | Herschel, Planets | Gowan, | Daisy |
| Fraoch-Eilean, | Awe (Loch) | Geraldine, | Western Australia | Gowdie, | Dragonet |
| Fra Paolo, | Sarpi | Gerard, Jean Ignace, | Grandville | Gowk, | Cuckoo, April |
| Fraser, | Calumba | Gerards, Balthasar, | Holland, 742 | Grabe, | Wake |
| Fratercula, | Puffin | Gerda, | Freyr | Græme, | Graham |
| Frederick-Augustus, | Augustus II. | Germania, | Bingen | Graf, | Landgrave |
| Frederick-Augustus I., II., | Saxony | German Rice, | Barley | Graham, | Horology |
| Free Lovers, | Perfectionists | Grahamite, | Bitumen |
| Graham's Dyke, Antoninus (Wall of) | Halival, Rum (Isd.) | Heredity, Weismann |
| Grail, Holy, Romances, Tennyson | Halotrichite, Butter (Rock) | Heri-Rud, Ilari-Rud |
| Grain Aphis, Corn Insects | Halve-nets, Salmon, 116 | Herling, Salmon |
| Graines d'Avignon, French Berries | Hamadani, Arabian Literature | Hermeias, Aristotle |
| Grand Falls, Waterfalls | Haman, Esther | Hermetic Philosophers, Rosicrucians |
| Grand River, Colorado | Hamilton, Port, Corea | Herrmann, Arminius |
| Grange, Lady, St Kilda | Hamitic Peoples, Africa | Herrnhuters, Moravians |
| Grannie, Anemone, 269 | Hammada el Homra, Sahara | Herstal, Heristal |
| Granny Knot, Bandages | Hampton Court, Labyrinth | Hertford College, Oxford |
| Granta, Cam | Hamstrings, Biceps | Hertha Lake, Rügen |
| Grape-fruit, Shaddock | Hamun, Lake, Asia, 487 | Herzogenbusch, Bois-le-Duc |
| Grass-chat, Whin-chat | Handeck, Falls of, Air | Hesilrige, Haselrig |
| Grass-cloth, Nettle | Hand-grenade, Shell | Hesketh, Lady, Cowper |
| Graver, Burin | Hanifites, Arabian Language, 365 | Hesperidium, Berry |
| Gray Trout, Bull Trout, Salmon, 113 | Hants, Hampshire | Hesperis, Bengazi |
| Gray's Peak, Rocky Mountains | Haoma, Adam, 45; Zend | Hetairists, Ypsilanti |
| Great Bear, Polestar, Ursa Major | Haquebut, Arquebus | Heteroptera, Water-bug |
| Great Divide, Yellowstone | Harding, John, Hardyng | Heterousians, Eunomius, Arius |
| Great Kingfisher, Laughing Jackass | Hardwicke, Yorke | Hicks Pasha, Egypt, 243 |
| Great Plover, Thick-knee | Harmensen, Arminius (Jacobus) | Hieron, Epidaaurus |
| Great Sandy Island, Fraser Island | Harmonia, Necklace of, Alcmaon | Hierapolis, Hierapolis |
| Green Almonds, Pistacia | Haroun-al-Raschid, Teheran | Hiero, Ferro |
| Greenbone, Gar-pike | Harray, Crofter | Highland-fling, Dancing |
| Greenheart, Timber | Harris, Horology | Hijra, Hegira |
| Greenockite, Cadnium | Hartebeest, Antelope | Hilda, Planets |
| Grendel, Beowulf | Hartshorn and Oil, Liniments | Hillern, W. von, Birch-Pfeiffer |
| Grey Mare's Tail, Dumfriesshire | Harvard, Mount, Rocky Mountains | Hindlip, Allsopp |
| Grimes Graves, Brandon | Hasa, Arabia, 362, 364 | Hiouen-Thsang, Hiuen-thsang |
| Grinder, Fly-catcher | Hassan, Shiites, Hobson-Jobson | Hippolyte, Amazons |
| Grippe, La, Influenza | Hatchettine, Mineral Tallow | Hipponous, Bellerophon |
| Gristle, Cartilage | Hatteria, Sphenodon | Hippo Regius, Bona |
| Gromia, Foraminifera | Hatti Humayun, Aali Pasha, Turkey | Hippuric Acid, Urine |
| Grotta Azzurra, Capri | Haura, Howrah | Hirta, St Kilda |
| Growth, Vegetable Physiology | Haversian Canals, Bone | Hirundo, Swallow |
| Groyne, Coruña | Hawes, Stephen, English Lit., 369 | Hobart, Ward (Mrs H.) |
| Grün, Hans, Baldung | Hawkoin, Danmaraland | Hobgoblin, Goblin |
| Guamanga, Ayacucho | Hay-asthma, Hay-fever | Hocco, Cwassowu |
| Guanahari, Bahamas | Hayden, Mount, Rocky Mountains | Hoffmann, Melchior, Anabaptists |
| Guayana, America, 220; Boltvar | Hazaras, Afghanistan, 78 | Hog-apple, Polophyllum |
| Gudalur, Cuddalore | Hazen, Grinnell Land | Hoketide, Hocktide |
| Guess, George, Cherokees | Hazing, Faggling | Holborn, London, 793 |
| Guidon, Colours | Hazlerigg, Haselrig | Holcus, Grasses |
| Guisesnes, Henry VIII. | Heart-seed, Sapindaceæ | Holland House, Elizab. Architecture |
| Gum, Mastic | Heart-stroke, Angina Pectoris | Höllenthal, Black Forest |
| Gum Animé, Copal | Heat Apoplexy, Sunstroke | Holm Oak, Ilex |
| Gummosis, Plants | Heath-fowl, Blackcock | Holohedrism, Crystallography |
| Gum-tree, Eucalyptus | Heatstroke, Sunstroke | Holophotal, Lighthouse |
| Gun Lascars, Artillery | Heavy Spar, Baryta | Holy Cross, Rocky Mountains |
| Gunnison River, Colorado | Hechingen, Hohenzollern | Holy Island, Arran |
| Gurkhas, Goorkhas | Hedge-hyssop, Gratiola | Holy Office, Inquisition |
| Guru Nuts, Kola Nuts | Hedge-nettle, Stachys | Holy Spirit, Spirit (Holy) |
| Guthrum, Anglia, Alfred | Hedley, William, Railways, 554 | Holy Thursday, Ascension-day |
| Gutta Serena, Amaurosia | Hedonism, Aristippus, Ethics | Hollywood, Astronomy, 527; Sacrobosco |
| Guy of Arezzo, Guido Aretinus | Hedysarum, French Honeysuckle | Homai, Arabian Nights |
| Guzman, Balloon | Hekla, Hecla | Homers, Carrier Pigeon |
| Gwilym, Dafydd ap, Wales, 529 | Heligoland, William II., 667 | Home-sickness, Nostalgia |
| Gwithian, Cornuwall | Heliotast, Solar Microscope | Home, Sweet Home, Payne (J. H.) |
| Gymp, Gimp | Helvevoetsluis, Helvoetsluis | Homicide, Justifiable Homicide |
| Gynæcium, Flower | Hell Kettles, Darlington | Honeyware, Badderlocks |
| Gyrinus, Water-beetle | Helmand, Helmand | Hoody, Crow |
| Gyrophora, Tripe de Roche | Helvetia Green, Dyeing, 141 | Hookers, Mennonites |
| Gyrostat, Gyroscopic | Hemera, Aurora | Hop-dogs, Tussack Moth |
| Hackluyt, Hakluyt | Hemicrania, Headache | Hopkins, John, Sternhold |
| Hæmatemesis, Stomach | Hemihedrism, Crystallography | Horapollo, Hieroglyphics, 708 |
| Hæmatite, Iron, 216 | Hemp Agrimony, Eupatorium | Horicon, George (Lake) |
| Hæmostatics, Bleeding | Hemp Sana, Crotalaria | Horman, Anatomy |
| Hagada, Exegesis | Hen-hawk, Buzzard | Hormuz, Ormuz |
| Hagfish, Blind Fish | Heniochus, Chaetodon | Horned Pout, Cat-fish |
| Haggerston, London, 793 | Henrik the Martyr, Finland | Horn of Plenty, Cornucopia |
| Hagioscope, Squint | Henware, Badderlocks | Hornsey, London, 793 |
| Haimon, Aymon | Hepatic Ducts, Bile | Horsa, Hengist |
| Haircloth, Hair Manufactures | Hepburn, Bothwell | Warranty |
| Haiskeval, Rum (Isd.) | Hephæstion, Alexander, 145 | Bot |
| Hakim, Persia, 66 | Hephthalites, Huns | Horse Knot, Centauria |
| Hakpen Hill, Avebury | Heracles, Hercules | Horse Mackerel, Scad |
| Hala, Sind | Herbal, Plants, 222 | Horseshoe Bend, Altoona |
| Halakhah, Exegesis, Targum | Herb Bennet, Genm | Hotchkiss, Machine Gun |
| Halla, Esparto | Herb of Grace, Rue | Hôtel Dieu, Hospitals |
| Haliphysema, Foraminifera | Hercules, Pillars of, Gibraltar | Hot Springs, Geyzers, Mineral Waters |
| Here, Hera | Hottentot's Fig, Mesembryaceæ |
House Martin, Swallow
Houses of Heaven, Astrology
Hrotswitha, Drama, 83
Hubara, Bustard
Hubble-bubble, Hookah
Hucho, Salmon
Hulda, Berchta
Hulks, Prisons, 417, 418
Humic Acid, Apocrenic Acid
Humours, Temperament
Hums, Hems
Humulus, Fibrous Substances
Hunting Leopard, Cheetah
Hussein, Shiites
Hustings, London, 698
Hutchins' Goose, Barnacle Goose
Hutia, Hog-rat
Hyacinth, Yacinth
Hyacinth, Wood, Squill
Hya-hya, Cow-tree
Hyalina, Snail
Hyalomelane, Basalt
Hyde, Thomas, Cuneiform
Hydrotherapeutics, Hydropathy, Bath
Hylacomylus, America, 223
Hymenophyllum, Filmy Ferns
Hyomoschus, Chevrotains
Hypermetropia, Eye, 515
Hypermenestra, Danans
Hyperpyrexia, Fever
Hypnotics, Narcotics, Sleep
Hypogene, Geology, 149; Igneous Rocks
Hypogynous, Flower, 691
Hypostases, Trinity
Hypothetical Metal, Ammonia, 231
Hypsilanti, Ypsilanti
Hypsistarians, Gregory Nazianzen
Hysterotomy, Cesarean Operation
Iastian, Plain-song
I. E. E. A., Zanzibar
Ibn, Ben
Iga, Putumayo
Ichthopterygia, Reptiles
Ichthys, Acrostic
Ida, Bamborough Castle
Ide, Chub, Dace
Ideation, Psychology
Ideographs, Alphabet, Hieroglyphics
Ierne, Ireland
Iesi, Fesi
Iflland, Germany, 188
Ignition, Analysis, 249
Ikhmim, Ekhmim
Ilchi, Khotan
Ilium, Pelvis
Illuminants, Lighthouse, 626
Ilmenite, Iron, 216
Imatra Falls, Finland
Imlay, Gilbert, Godwin (Mary)
Immer Goose, Diver
Imoros, Imbros
Impaction, Teeth
Impedance, Electricity, 271
Imperial Liquid, Cream of Tartar
Impoof, Eland
Incontinence of Urine, Urine
Incus, Ear, 156, 158
Inderab, Anderab
Indian Bread, Tuckahoe
Indian Honey, Bamboo
Indian Poke, Hellebore
Indian Tobacco, Lobelia
Indian Turnip, Arum
Indicator, Honey-guide
Indices, Exponents
Indicopleustes, Cosmas
Indo-Germanic, Aryan
Indonesia, Indo-China
Inhibition, Insanity, 155
Inhibition for Debt, Arrestment
Inishail, Awe (Lock)
Initiative, Switzerland
Inkpen Beacon, Hampshire
Innafantato, Corsica
Innerroden, Appenzell
Inquartation, Assaying
Instance Court, Admiralty Courts
Insulators, Conductors, Electricity
International Language, Universal L.
Intrusive Sheets, Igneous Rocks, 73
Intuitive Theory, Psychology
Inuit, Esquimo, 424
Inuus, Barbary Ape
Invertin, Digestion, 820
Invocation, Prayer
Inward Light, Schwenkfeld
Iodargyrite, Iodite, Iodyrite, Silver
Ionian, Plain-song
Iphicles, Amphitryon
Iphitus, Hercules
Ireland, Parnell
Iron, United States, 376
Iron Ore, Brown, Limonite
Iron Ore, Magnetic, Loadstone
Irreconcilables, Intransigeants
Irrefragable Doctor, Hales (Alexander)
Irritants, Poison
Isaac ben Jehudah, Abarbanel
Isabella of France, Edward II., III.
Ischium, Pelvis
Isengrim, Fable, Reynard
Isergebirge, Sudetic Mountains
Isfahan, Isfahan
Iskander Beg, Scanderbeg
Islebius, Magister, Agricola (Johann)
Isle of Bourbon Tea, Faam
Isle of Saints, Avalon
Isly, Bugeaud
Isopleura, Chiton, Gasteropoda
Israfil, Azrael
Issangila, Congo
Istar, Astarte
Ister, Dannube
Istle, Fibrous Substances, 607
Istria, Dora d', Glika (Helena)
Itala, Vulgare, Bible
Italics, Aldine, Type
Itch Weed, Hellebore
Iulus, Julus
Ivigut, Greenland
Ixodes, Ticks
Izard, Goat
Jabir ibn Hajjan, Gebir
Jack, Pike
Jacquard Loom, Weaving
Jacqueira-wood, Bread-frnit
Jade, Stone Age
Jade Bay, Yahde
Jaintra Hills, Khasi
Jamaica Kino, Seaside Grape
Jamuna, Jumna
Janupa Hemp, Crotalaria
Japan Earth, Cutechn
Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 765
Jarrah, Australia, 589
Jasomirgott, Austria, 601
Java Sparrow, Rice-bird, Weaver-bird
Jean Paul, Richter
Jebel-es-Soda, Fezzan
Jenipasar, Novibazar
Jerabub, Senusi
Jeropiga, Port Wine
Jerubbaal, Gideon
Jerusalem Haddock, Opah
Jerusalem Oak, Chenopodium
Jesses, Falconry
Jesus College, Oxford
Jettatura, Evil Eye
Jew-fish, Tarpon
Jew's-apple, Egg-plant
Joannina, Fanina
Jödel, Voice
Jodelle, Drama
Johannists, Chrysostom
Johanniterorden, Hospitallers
John of Bruges, Anabaptists
Johnstoun, Pertith
Joint-fir, Sea-grape
Jordanis, Goths
Joris, David, Anabaptists
Joseph's Coat, Amaranth
Joseph the Blind, Targum
Jowaree, Durra
Jugular Vein, Throat, Vein
Julian, Count, Roderic, Spain
Juliomagus, Angers
Jumarts, Hybrid
June-berry, Amelanchier
Jung Breslau, Inowraclaw
Jupiter's Beard, House-leek
Juventas, Hebe
Kadesh, Hittites
Kaffir, Infidel
Kahtanic, Arabia, 363
Kails, Bowls
Kaiserstuhl, Black Forest
Kakaterra Tree, Dacrydium
Kakongo, Caconga
Kaladlit, Esquimo, 424
Kalenderis, Dervish
Kale-turnip, Kohl-rabi
Kalguef, Kolgnef
Kallitype, Photography
Kalw, Calw
Kamala, Dyeing, 139
Kambalites, Arabian Language, 365
Kamehameha, Hawaii
Kami Religion, Japan, 287
Kangaroo Rat, Potoroo
Karlowitz, Carlovitz
Karl Philip, Schwarzenburg
Karlsruhe, Carlsruhe
Karman, Kerman
Karnattah, Granada
Karyophyllon, Cloves
Kasba, Jessor
Kastri, Delphi
Katabolism, Function, Protoplasm
Katchi, Tibet
Kattegat, Cattegat
Kauri Pine, Timber
Kazinczy, Hungary, 8
Keble College, Oxford
Kedah, Quedah
Keel, Reddle
Keelbird, Crotaphaga
Keels, Bowls
Keen, Coronach
Keesoo, Butea
Kellgren, Sweden
Kelpie, Wells
Kelvin, Lord, Thomson (Wm.)
Kempoch, Gonrock
Kendall, Henry, Australia, 594
Kenduskeag, Bangor
Kennet Avenue, Avebury
Kerate, Silver
Kerr, Ker
Keshub Chunder Sen, Brahmo Somaj
Keys, House of, Man (Isle of)
Keystone, Arch
Kezanlik, Kasanlik
Khalid, Mosaylima, Calif
Khamas's Kraal, Shoshong
Khammuragas, Babylonia, 633
Khasars, Cyril
Khayes, Kayes
Khelat, Kelat
Khmer, Camibodia
Khunsar, Khonsar
Khusru, Chosroes
Khwarizm, Khiva
Kidney Ore, Iron, 216
Kiery, Amaranth, 206
Kilchurn Castle, Awe (Loch)
Killas, Cornwall
Killhart, Gellert
Kimberley, Western Australia
Kimbri, Cimbri
Kimberidge Coal, Shale
Kina, Cinchona
Kingfish, Opah
Kinghan, Siberia, 426
King's Cave, Arran
King's College, Aberdeen, Cambridge
King's Spear, Asphodel
King's Yellow, Arsenic
Kipper, Salmon
Kirby Kendal, Kendal
Kirkton, Crediton
Kirmanshah, Kermanshah
Kirn, Dunoon
Kismull Castle, Barra
Kiss, Salutations
Kitmer, Dog, 37
Kittool, Fibrous Substances
Klang, Selangor
Klinger, Germany, 188
Klissura, Danube
Knife, Cutlery
Knights of Malta, Hospitallers
Knights of Rhodes, Hospitallers
Knights of St John, Hospitallers
Knockmoy, Galway
Knott, Edward, Chillingworth
Kobe, Hyōgō
Koblenz, Coblenz
Koch, J., Cocceius
Koch, R., Tubercle
Koh-i-Baba, Hindu Kush
Kolinsky, Furs, 42
Kollas, Abyssinia, 23
Kolsun, Dog, 38
Komandorski Islands, Aloutian Islands
Komba, Galago
Komenski, Comenius, Bohemia
Konds, India, 103
Kooch Behar, Behar
Koombar, Gmelina
Koreish, Arabia, 363, 367
Kosciusko, Mount, Australia
Kostnitz, Constance
Kota Radja, Atcheen
Kothi, Baghelkhand
Kotow, Salutations, 124
Kottbus, Cottbus
Kourshid Pasha, Guyon (Richard)
Kovno Honey, Lime
Kowloon, Hong-kong
Kowrie, Kauri Pine
Krakau, Cracow
Krameria, Rhatany
Kranganur, Cranganore
Krishna, Kistna
Krone, Denmark, 756
Krotalon, Castanets
Krumen, Kroomen
Krung-Krao, Ayuthia
Kubus, Sumatra
Kudalur, Cuddalore
Kudrun, Gudrun
Kudumba, Cadamba
Kudur-mabug, Babylonia, 633
Kuftgari, Damascening
Kuka, Birni
Kuku-nor, Koko-nor
Kuldja, Turkestan (Eastern)
Kung, Kung Fū-tsze, Confucius
Kuro Siwo, Gulf Stream, Japan
Kuschadassi, Scala Nova
Kush, Ethiopia
Kusso, Cusso
Kuzo-Wallachs, Acarnania
Kuyp, Cuyp
Kvas, Rye
Kyd, Thomas, English Literature, 371
Kyrenia, Cyprus
Labiatifloræ, Compositæ
Labourdin, Basques, 778
Labrador Tea, Ledum
Lacewing Fly, Golden-eye
Lachesis, Fate
Lackey Moth, Eggar Moth
Lacrima Christi, Lacryma
L'Acuto, Hawkwood
Ladies' Traces, Cauary Grass
Ladinos, America, 220; Guatemala
Lady's Smock, Cress
Laffitte, Positivism
Lag-goose, Goose
Lagopus, Grouse
Lai, Marie de France
Lake, Lord, Sindia, Delhi
Lakhnauti, Gaur
Lambertini, Prospero, Benedict XIV.
Lambourn, Coursing
Lambrequin, Heraldry, 667
Lamian War, Greece, 388
Laminitis, Founder
Lamlash, Arran
Lancastrian System, Monitorial System
Lancelot, Arthur
Lancers, Dancing
Landed Est. Court, Encumbered Estates
Lander, R., Truro
Landlord, Repairs
Langenschwalbach, Schwalbach
Lan-tsan, Mekhong
Lapis Ollaris, Potstone
Lappet Moth, Eggar Moth
Larch-cones, Coprolites
Larger Hope, Hell, 631
Lark-heeled Cuckoo, Coucal
Larsa, Babylonia
Larus, Gull
Laryngotomy, Trachea
Laski, Jan, Lasco
Laths of Kent, Riding
Latin Union, Bimetallism, 150
Laufeldt, Lawfeldt
Laura, Petrarch
Laurentian Library, Florence
Lautumæ, Dionysius the Elder
Lavalette, Father, Jesuits
Laveld, Lawfeldt
Law-agent, Solicitor, Agent
Law Courts, New, London, 733
Laxatives, Aperients
Lay, Batten
Laya, Basques
Lay Impropiator, Impropriation
Lazes, Asia Minor
Lazy Beds, Potato
Lead, United States, 376
Lead-glance, Galena
Leaning Towers, Campanile, Pisa
Leblanc's Process, Soda
Le Cap, Cape Haytiën
Lecco, Lago di, Como (Lake)
Ledger, Book-keeping
Lee, Cork
Leek, Stlk, 455
Leguat, Solitaire
Leh, Le
Leiden, Leyden
Lejah, Bashan
Lemnian Earth, Bole
Lemström, Aurora Borealis
Lemuria, Lemur
Lemuroids, Mammals, 5
Lenham Beds, Pliocene System
Leno, Gause
Lenoir's Engine, Gas-engine, 106
Lentisk-tree, Mastic
Leofwin, Harold II.
Léonais, Brittany
Leonids, Meteors, 157
Leontodon, Dandelion
Leopold I., II., Austria
Léopoldville, Stanley Pool
Leovigild, Goths, 323
Lepidolite, Lepidomelane, Mica
Leprechaun, Fairies
Leptostraca, Crustacea
Leptynite, Granulite
Lernean Marsh, Argolis
Lesbia, Catullus
Lesser Brethren, Franciscans
Leszcynski, Stanilaus, Augustus II.
Leucite-basalt, Basalt
Leucopathy, Leucosis, Albinos
Leven, Earl of, Leslie
Levirate, Family
Levitation, Ecstasy
Liberalia, Bacchus
Lichi, Litchi
Licinius, Constantine I.
Licinius Stolo, Agrarian Laws
Life Assurance, Insurance
Lign Alos, Alos Wood
Lignum Vita, Timber
Ligulifloræ, Compositæ
Liliard, Ancrum
Limehouse, London, 703
Limmu, Enarew
Limosa, Godwit
Limpopo, Oori
Lincoln College, Oxford
Lindores, Leslie
Lindsay, Lady Anne, Barnard
Lindworm, Dragon
Lin Tseh-hsu, China, 192
Lintworm, Dragon
Lip-reading, Deaf and Dumb
Lissa, Tactics (Naval)
Lithobiidæ, Centipede
Lithodomus, Boring-animals
Little Day Hours, Breviary
Little Java, Bali
Little Parliament, Barbone
Little Sisters of the Poor, Sisterhoods
Little Snake, Anguilla
Little Tibet, Balistan
Liukiu, Loochoo
Liverpool, Clough (A. H.); Vyrruwy
Liver-rock, Arenaceous Rocks
Lizard, New Zealand, Sphenodon
Lobolly, Pine, 185
Lobolly Bay, Gordonia
Lobster, Pigments, 174
Local Examinations, Education, 218
Lochar Moss, Dumfriesshire
Lochinvar, Lord, Gordon Family
Loch Ranza, Arran
Locustella, Warbler
Locustidæ, Grasshopper
Lodging-houses, Vagrants
Lodore Falls, Derwentwater
Loligo, Monk-fish
Lollius Urbicus, Antoninus (Wall of)
Lomea, Goodwin Sands
Lomentum, Fruit, 19
Longimanus, Artaxerxes I.
Longleaf, Wiltshire
Longmynd, Cambrian System
Long-rooted Cat's-ear, Hypochaëris
| Longships, | Scilly Islands | Maison Dieu, | Hospitals | Martagon, | Lily |
| Long's Peak, | Rocky Mountains | Maisur, | Mysore | Martel, | Charles, 115 |
| Longtown, | Courting | Makalaka, | Mashonaland | Martin, | Swallow |
| Loodiana, | Ludhiana | Malabar Rat, | Bandicoot Rat | Martlet, | Heraldry, 666 |
| Loodiana Fever, | Anthrax | Malacostraca, | Crustacea | Marvel of Peru, | Nyctaginaceæ |
| Lopez, Ruy, | Chess | Malechites, | Arabian Literature | Mary de Medici, | Henry V. of France |
| Lophiodon, | Tapir | Maleguetta Pepper, | Grains of Paradise | Marylebone, | London, 705 |
| Lord Chief-justice, | Common Law | Malevesi, | Crete | Mary of Lorraine, | Guise |
| Lord Keeper, | Keeper of the Great Seal | Mallard, | Duck | Mary of Magdala, | Magdalene |
| Lord of Misrule, | Revels (Master of) | Malleus, | Ear, 156, 158 | Masaccio, | Painting, 701 |
| Lord's, | Cricket | Malloch, | Mallet | Masaniello, | Auber |
| Lords of the Articles, | Parliament, 774 | Malorca, | Majorca | Masle, | Heraldry, 662 |
| Lord's Prayer, | Paternoster | Maloo Climber, | Bauhinia | Masena, | Bagirmi |
| Lorne, Marquis of, | Argyll | Maltose, | Sugar | Mashad, | Meshed |
| Lot, | Divination, Sortes | Mambog, | Hierapolis | Masham, Mrs., | Anne |
| Loti, Pierre, | Vianà | Mamertine Prison, | Rome, 781 | Maskat, | Muscat |
| Lousewort, | Pedicularis | Mamertines, | Carthage | Masked Ball, | Masquerade |
| Louth, | Tennyson, 133 | Mammee Apple, | Eau Créole | Maskelyne, | Automaton |
| Lovino, Bernardino, | Luini | Mammoth Tree, | Seqnoia | Mason, | Freemason |
| Lowes, Loch of, | Yarrow | Man, Antiquity of, | Pleistocene | Mason Science College, | Birmingham |
| Lualaba, Luapula, | Congo | Manchester New College, | Oxford | Masr-el-Kahira, | Cairo |
| Lucadia, | Lenkas | Manchu City, | Peking | Massalia, | Planets |
| Lucayos, | Bahamas | Mandioc, | Manioc | Massicot, | Lead |
| Lucky Proach, | Father-lasher | Mandrites, | Abbot | Massilia, | Marseilles |
| Lufiji, | Anfiji | Manes, | Ancestors | Massoretic Text, | Bible, 122 |
| Lumbricus, | Earthworm | Mangkassars, | Celebes | Massys, | Matsys |
| Lunaria, | Honesty | Mani, | Manichæus | Master, | Courtesy Titles |
| Lupata, | Africa, 81 | Manilla, | Isinglass | Masuri, | Landaur |
| Lussigny, Baron de, | Ancre | Manjaniks, | Firearms | Matan, | Diamond, 791 |
| Luurs, | Persia | Mannikin, | Weaver-bird | Matins, | Brewery |
| Luxembourg Palace, | Paris, 764 | Man-of-war Bird, | Frigate Bird | Matthew, Patrick, | Evolution, 481 |
| Luxemburg, | Nassau | Man-power, | Horse-power | Matthiesen of Haarlem, | Anabaptists |
| Lycabetus, | Athens | Mansfield College, | Oxford | Mau Kingdom, | Shans |
| Lychee, | Litchi | Mantiquello, Serra, | São Paulo | Mauretania, | Mauritania |
| Lycopolis, | Siont | Mantis Crabs, | Squilla | Mäusethurm, | Hatto |
| Lycopus, | Gipsy-wort | Mantling, | Heraldry, 667 | Mausolus, | Halicarnassus |
| Lydian, | Plain-song | Manuel, Emperor, | Andronicus I. | Mauveine, | Aniline, 283 |
| Lygdamis, | Halicarnassus | Manyanga, | Congo | Mavis, | Thrush |
| Lymphangitis, | Weed | Maracaibo, Lake, | America, 221 | Mavrocordato, | Maurocordatos |
| Lynch Law, | Porteous | Maranatha, | Anathema | Maxentius, | Constantine I. |
| Lysicles, | Aspasia | Marangaba, | Gnava | Maximian, | Diocletian |
| Lysis, | Fever | Maranta, | Arrowroot | Maxwelltown, | Dumfries |
| Mac Callum More, | Argyll | Marcanda, | Samarcand | May-apple, | Podophyllum |
| MacCrimmon, | Bagpipe | Marcellus of Ancyra, | Sabellianism | May Laws, | Falk (A.) |
| Mackerel-guide, | Gar-pike | March, Earl of, | Edward IV., Dunbar | Mayor, Lord, | London, 697 |
| Mackintosh, | India-rubber | Marduk, or Merodach, | Assyria, 518 | Mayotta, | Comoro Isles |
| MacLeod, | St Kilda | Mareia, | Mareotis | Mayweed, | Feverfew |
| M'Clintock, | Polar Exploration, 277 | Mare's Tail, | Water Milfoils | Mazdaism, | Zend |
| Macnaghten, Sir W., | Afghanistan, 78 | Margaret of Valois, | Henry IV., 653 | Maze, | Labyrinth |
| Macquarie, | New South Wales | Margarine, | Butter | Mazer-wood, | Gutta-percha |
| Macquart, | Channel Islands, 100 | Marggraf, | Chemistry, 147 | Mead, | Fermentation |
| Macrocosm, | Microcosm | Maria Grey College, | Education, 219 | Meadow Clary, | Sage |
| Macropod, | Climbing Perch, Fishes, 652 | Maria-Hilfsberg, | Amberg | Meadow Saffron, | Colchicum |
| Madeleine, | Paris, 764 | Mariamne, | Herod | Meadow-sweet, | Spiræa |
| Madras System, | Monitorial System | Mariampol, | Marinopol | Measures, | Weights |
| Maerlant, | Holland, 744 | Maria Theresiopel, | Sabadaika | Medallion, | Nanmatics |
| Maga, | Blackwood | Marin, | Lake-dwellings, 487 | Mediation Theology, | Apocatastasis |
| Magdalen College, | Oxford | Marina, Donna, | Cortes | Medicine Bow Range, | Rocky Mountains |
| Magdalene College, | Cambridge | Marine Glue, | Cements, 60 | Mediums, | Spiritualism |
| Magdalen Hall, | Oxford | Marischal College, | Aberdeen | Medulla, | Pith |
| Magic Circle, | Circle (Magic) | Maritzburg, | Pietermaritzburg | Medusa, | Gorgon |
| Magic Mirror, | Mirror | Market Bosworth, | Bosworth | Megalopa, | Crab |
| Magnetic Iron Ore, | Loadstone | Market-cross, | Cross | Megara, | Hercules |
| Magni, | Magnus | Market Ilsley, | Ilsley | Meghadūta, | Sanskrit |
| Magnus I., | Sweden | Markhor, | Goat | Meilen, | Lake-dwellings |
| Magog, | Gog | Marking-nut Tree, | Semecarpus | Meisenbach Process, | Illustration, 83 |
| Magot, | Barbary Ape | Mark System, | Feudalism | Melaconite, | Copper |
| Magpie Moth, | Gooseberry Caterpillar | Mark Twain, | Clemens | Melanite, | Garnets |
| Mahaleb, | Cherry | Marlborough Dog, | Blenheim Dog | Melkart, | Baal |
| Mahatma, | Theosophy | Marlgrass, | Clover | Mellarosa, | Bergamot |
| Mahmoudieh Canal, | Alexandria | Marmalade, American, | Sapotaceæ | Mellite, | Honey-stone |
| Maid of Kent, | Barton (E.) | Marnara, | Marmora | Memory, | Psychology |
| Maid of Norway, | Alexander III. | Marmolite, | Serpentine | Memphitic, | Copts |
| Maier, Johann, | Eck | Maronites, | Christ | Menado, | Celebes |
| Maihar, | Baghclkhand | Marriages, | Registration, 625 | Menæchmus, | Geometry, 157 |
| Maina, | Myna | Marsant Lamp, | Safety Lamp | Mendâñas, | Marquesas Islands |
| Mainland, | Pomona, Orkney, Shetland | Marsh-lily, | Butomus | Menderèh, | Scamander |
| Maintenance, | Relations (Maintenance of) | Marsh Rosemary, | Plumbagineæ | Mentagra, | Beard |
| Mair, John, | Major | Marsh Trefoil, | Buck-bean | Mentor, | Artabazus, Artaxerxes |
| Mars-la-Tour, | Vionville | Merbecke, | Marbeck |
| Mercury, | Planets | Mongrel, | Hybrid | Müller, | Denmark, 759 |
| Mercy-seat, | Ark | Monkey-bread, | Boabab | Multiple Proportions, | Atomic Theory |
| Mericarp, | Fruit, 19 | Monkey-flower, | Mimulus | Mungo, | Shoddy |
| Merjelen-See, | Aletsch | Monkey-grass, | Palm, 724 | Munro, Sir Hector, | Buxar |
| Merle, | Blackbird | Monkey-pot Tree, | Brazil Nuts | Murad I.-V., | Turkey |
| Merluccius, | Hake | Monkey-puzzle, | Arancaria | Murchison, | Western Australia |
| Mermaids' Gloves, | Sponges | Monkstone, | Beacon | Murghthal, | Black Forest |
| Merodach, | Assyria, Babylonia, 634 | Monocystis, | Gregarinida | Murray, John, | Coral |
| Meroxene, | Mica | Monody, | Music | Musa, Jebel, | Sinai |
| Merse, | Berwickshire | Monœcious, | Androgynous | Muscarì, | Grape-hyacinth |
| Merton College, | Oxford | Monogenist, | Adam, Ethnology | Musci, | Mosses |
| Meru Lake, | Moero | Monomotopa, | Africa, 87 | Muscicapa, | Fly-catcher |
| Merwings, | Merovingians | Mons Meg, | Firearms | Muscogees, | Creeks |
| Mesrob, | Armenia | Montagues, | Capulets | Musical Sand, | Sand |
| Messalina, | Claudius I. | Montalto, | Aspromonte | Musk-rat, | Furs, 43 |
| Mestizoes, | American Indians, 227 | Mont Cervin, | Matterhorn | Musk-wood, | Guarea |
| Metabolism, | Vegetable Physiology | Montebello, Duke of, | Lannes | Musquash, | Furs, 43 |
| Metairie, | Metayer | Monte Corno, | Gran Sasso | Mussel, | Plum |
| Metalloids, | Metals | Monte di Pietà, | Mont de Pieté | Mussel-picker, | Oyster-catcher |
| Metaphytes, | Biology, 160 | Monte Santo, | Athos | Mussooree, | Landaur |
| Metatheria, | Mammals, 4 | Monte Silvio, | Matterhorn | Mutton Bird, | Petrel |
| Methodius, | Cyril | Montgomery, | Eglinton (Earl of) | Mutual Instruction, | Monitorial System |
| Methylconine, | Hemlock | Montjuich, | Barcelona | Muzo, | Boyaca |
| Metis, | Athena | Monto Sect, | Japan, 288 | Mwutan Nzigé, | Muta Naige |
| Meton, | Astronomy, 526 | Montrose, Duke of, | Lindsay | Mycetozoa, | Myxomycetes |
| Metonic Cycle, | Chronology, 226 | Mont Valérien, | Paris, 761 | Mycoderma aceti, | Fermentation |
| Mevlevis, | Dervish | Monument, The, | London, 702 | Mynster, | Denmark, 759 |
| Mewar, | Udaipur | Moodkee, | Mudki | Myocarditis, | Heart |
| Mezereon, | Daphne | Moon-eye, | Gold-eye | Myology, | Anatomy, 254 |
| Miami Canal, | Cincinnati | Moor-buzzard, | Harrier | Myrmecophila, | Cricket |
| Miani, | Meanee | Moorfoot Hills, | Edinburghshire | Myrosin, | Fermentation |
| Miasms, | Endemic | Moorva, | Bowstring Hemp | Myrtle Berry Wax, | Wax |
| Micro-organism, | Bacteria | Mopané Tree, | Bauhinia | Mythical Theory, | Strauss, G-spsels |
| Micturition, | Urine | Mopsuestia, | Theodore | Mytilene, | Lesbos |
| Midas's Ear, | Auricula | Moral Sense, | Ethics | Myxine, | Hag |
| Middle English, | English Language | Moray Floods, | Findhorn | ||
| Middleman, | Sweating System | Mordants, | Calico-printing, Dyeing | Nabonidus, | Cyrus, Babylonia, 634, 637 |
| Midgard, | Scandinavian Mythology | Mordecai, | Esther | Nabopolassar, | Babylonia, 634 |
| Midriff, | Diaphragm | Morges, | Lake-dwellings, 487 | Nagode, | Baghelkhand |
| Mikado, | Japan, 283 | Morice Town, | Devonport | Nahua, | Mexico, 168 |
| Milan IV. of Servia, | Servia | Morison, Dr, | Evangelical Union | Naias, | Aquatic Plants |
| Mile End, | London, 703 | Moro, Lazzaro, | Geology, 148 | Naja, | Cobra da Capello |
| Military Eruption, | Sudamina | Moroc, | Honey-guide | Namaycush, | Trout |
| Milk Leg, | White Leg | Moros, | Philippine Islands | Nanaimo, | Columbia (British) |
| Miller, Patrick, | Shipbuilding | Morphology, | Zoology | Nanak, | Babylonia, 636 |
| Millville, | Millville | Morrison, Richard J., | Zadkiel | Nanak, Baba, | Sikhs |
| Millwall, | Dogs (Isle of) | Mortar, | Life-saving Apparatus | Nan Ling Mountains, | China, 184 |
| Milosh Obrenovich, | Servia | Mortimer's Cross, | Edward IV. | Naphthols, | Dyeing, 141 |
| Minahassa, | Celebes | Moseilema, | Mosaylina | Narbada, | Nerbudda |
| Minar, | Delhi | Moshesh, | Basutos | Narvaez, | Cortes |
| Mind Reading, | Thought Reading | Moskenström, | Maelström | Naseberry, | Sapodilla Plum |
| Mineral Kermes, | Antimony | Moskwa, | Borodino | Natal Cotton, | Sweet Potato |
| Mineral Pitch, | Asphalt | Moss, | Bog | National Assembly, | France, 780 |
| Minniwaukon, | Dakota | Mosscheeper, | Pipit | Native Bear, | Koala |
| Minority, | Age, 92; Infant | Mossel Bay, | Cape Colony, 731 | Nats, | Basigars |
| Minquiers, | Channel Islands | Moulins, | Glaciers | Nature-religions, | Animism, 290 |
| Minya, | Bovita | Mountain, The, | Montagnards | Navajoes, | American Indians, 226 |
| Miohippus, | Horse, 792 | Mountain Ebony, | Bauhinia | Nazarenes, Gospel of, | Apocrypha, 335 |
| Mire-drum, | Bittern | Mountain-flour, | Bergmehl | Neapolis, | Nablus, Naples |
| Mir Jaffier, | Clive | Mountain Green, | Green Earth | Nebo, | Assyria, 519 |
| Mirkhond, | Persia, 72 | Mountain Laurel, | Kalmia | Necræmia, | Death |
| Mirza Schaffy, | Bodenstedt | Mountain Milk, | Farina | Negro, | Rio Negro |
| Mise of Amiens, | Amiens | Mountain Tea, | Gaultieria | Nematocysts, | Stinging-cells |
| Misrule, Lord of, | Fools (Feast of) | Mountain Tobacco, | Arnica | Nematodes, | Desiccation |
| Mistral, | France, 772 | Mount's Bay, | Cornwall | Neocastro, | Navarino |
| Mita System, | Peru, 81 | Mourne Park, | Conrsing | Neolithic, | Stone Age |
| Mitchell Library, | Glasgow, 234 | Mouse, Flying, | Flying Animals | Nepal Paper, | Daphne |
| Mizraim, | Egypt | Mouse-deer, | Chevrotains | Nepean River, | Sydney |
| Moallakat, | Arabian Language, 365 | Mouse-ear, | Forget-me-not | Neptune Grotto, | Sardinia |
| Mobangi, | Congo | Mouseion, | Athens | Nergal, | Assyria, 519 |
| Mocker Nut, | Hickory | Mro-houng, | Arakan | Nergal-Sharezer, | Babylonia, 634 |
| Modalists, | Sabellianism | Mtesa, | Uganda | Neshki, | Arabian Language, 367 |
| Mohammed 'Ali, | Mehemet Ali | Mtscketha, | Msket | Neuenburg, | Neuchâtel |
| Mohar, | Millet | Mud (Blue, Green, &c.), | Sea | Neuhoff, Baron, | Theodore of Corsica |
| Mohilla, | Comoro Isles | Mud Volcano, | Yellowstone | Neu Mecklenburg, | New Ireland |
| Moira, | Fate | Muhammad, | Mohammed | Neumes, | Music |
| Mojanga, | Bembatoka | Muharrem, | Moharram | Neurology, | Anatomy, 254 |
| Molendinar, | Glasgow | Muhlenberg, | Sisterhoods, 480 | Nevada Fall, | Yosemite Valley |
| Moly, | Circe | Muia, | Corinna | Newark, | Leslie |
| Mona, | Anglesey | Muir-ill, | Black Water | New Amsterdam, | St Paul, Guiana |
| New Church, | Swedenborg | Ogygia, | Malta | Otchipwe, | Chipperway |
| New College, | Oxford | Oilcloth, | Floorcloth | Ottokar, | Austria, 601 |
| Newington, | London, 706 | Oil-dressed Leather, | Buff Leather | Otto of Saxony, | Italy, 247 |
| New Inn Hall, | Oxford | Oil-nut, | Santalaceæ | Ou-i-nur, | Diamond, 792 |
| New Life, | Harris | Oil of Cedrate, | Citron | Oukaz, | Ukase |
| New Light, | U.P. Church | Oil of Spike, | Lavender | Ouranos, | Uranus |
| New Salle, | Rabat | Oil of Vitriol, | Sulphuric Acid | Ousel, Water, | Dipper |
| New Sarum, | Salisbury | Oinomania, | Dipsomania | Ovina, | Capridæ |
| New Testament, | Bible, 123 | Old Light, | U.P. Church | Ovoca, | Avoca |
| New World, | America | Old Man of the Mountains, | Assassins | Ovum, | Embryology |
| New Zealand Tea-plant, | Leptospermum | Old Testament, | Bible | Owl Parrot, | Kakapo |
| Nicaragua-wood, | Brazil-wood | Old Tom, | Gin | Oxgang, | Bovate |
| Niccolo of Fuligno, | Alunno | Old-wife, | Bream | Ozaka, | Osaka |
| Nicetas, | Astronomy, 526 | Olein, | Fats | Ozark, | America, 215 |
| Nicker Tree, | Guilandina | Oliaros, | Autiparos | ||
| Nicomachean Ethics, | Aristotle | Oligochæta, | Chatopods | Pacha, | Pasha |
| Nicomedes, | Geometry, 157 | Olive Nuts, | Elaeocarpaceæ | Pachydermia, | Elephantiasis |
| Nielsen, | Deunmark, 759 | Olympic Mountains, | Washington Ter. | Paddington, | London, 705 |
| Nieuwkerk, | Nykerk | Omdurman, | Soudan | Padma, | Ganges |
| Nigg, | Sculptured Stones, 269 | Ondatra, | Musquash | Padrao, Rio, | Congo |
| Night-churr, | Goatsucker | O'Neill, The, | Antrim, 326; Ireland, 204 | Pahang, | Straits Settlements |
| Nimbus, | Clouds | Oneieromancy, | Divination | Pahlavi, | Pehlevi, Zend |
| Niu-chwang, | China, 192 | Oomrawuttee, | Anuraoti | Pakhtu, | Afghanistan, 78 |
| No-Ammon, | Anmon | Oralsk, | Uralsk | Palæichthyes, | Fishes |
| Nobel, | Dynamite, Stevenston | Oorga, | Urga | Palæocrystic Sea, | Arctic Ocean |
| Noël, | Christmas | Ooroomiah, | Urumia | Palamedea, | Screamer |
| Nolloth, Port, | Cape Colony, 731 | Opisthobranchs, | Gastropoda | Pale, | Heraldry, 662 |
| Noma, | Cancrum Ovis | Opium, Tincture of, | Laudanum | Pale Catechu, | Gambier |
| No-Man's-Land, | Indian Territory | Opobalsam, | Balsam | Palghat, | Ghats, Madras Presidency |
| None, | Breviary | Opossun, Flying, | Flying Animals | Pali Plague, | Anthrax |
| None-so-pretty, | Saxifrage | Oppidans, | Etou | Palisade, | Fortification |
| Nonius, | Astronomy, 527 | Ops, | Cybele | Pall, | Heraldry, 662 |
| Nopal, | Cochineal | Optic Lobes, | Brain | Pallas, | Planets |
| Nordenfelt, | Machine Gun, Submarine | Or, | Heraldry, 661 | Pall Mall, | Croquet |
| Nordkyn, | North Cape | Oral Law, | Targun | Palmetto State, | South Carolina |
| Norfolk Plover, | Thick-knee | Orb, | Regalia | Paloungs, | Burma |
| Noric Alps, | Alps | Orca, | Grampus | Pancake Tuesday, | Shrovetide |
| Normann-Neruda, | Hallé (Lady) | Orcades, | Orkney Islands | Paniceæ, | Grasses |
| Norrland, | Sweden | Orchard Grass, | Cock's-foot Grass | Panjdeh, | Afghanistan |
| North-east Cape, | Chelyuskin | Orchella, | Archil | Panjnad, | Ghara |
| Northern Lights, | Aurora Borealis | Orchestia, | Anthipods | Panshanger, | Hertford |
| Northern Spell, | Kuur and Spell | Ordeal-seed, | Apocynaceæ | Paper Mulberry, | Fibrous Substances |
| North Shields, | Shields | Ordovices, | Deubighshire, Wales | Paradise Wood, | Aloes Wood |
| Norwegian Anchovies, | Sprat | Ore-crusher, | Metallurgy | Paraffin, | Hydrocarbons, Wax |
| Norwich Crag, | Pliocene System | Oregon Pine, | Timber | Paragonite, | Mica |
| Nosean, | Hauyne | Orenburg Gum, | Larch | Para-grass, | Palm, 724 |
| Noss, | Bressay | Orfa, | Edessa | Paraleipomena, | Chronicles |
| Nossairians, | Ausars | Orgial, | Uriel | Pararosaniline, | Dyeing, 140 |
| Novaculite, | Whetstones | Oriana, | Amadis | Paresis, | Paralysis |
| Nubeculæ, | Magellanic Clouds | Oriel College, | Oxford | Parian Chronicle, | Arundel Marbles |
| Nuck, Glands of, | Tongue | Orinda, | Philips (Katherine) | Pari-mutuel, | Betting |
| Numida, | Guinea Fowl | Orkney, Earl of, | Hamilton, 530 | Paris Daisy, | Chrysanthemum |
| Nun, | Merganser | Orle, | Heraldry, 662 | Park Range, | Rocky Mountains |
| Nurhag, | Nuraghe | Orloff, | Diamond, 792 | Parnassia, | Grass of Parnassus |
| Nuwara-Eliya, | Ceylon | Ormin, | English Literature, 367 | Paronychia, | Whitlow |
| Nyctibius, | Goatsucker | Ornithosauria, | Reptiles | Paropainusus, | Ghur |
| Oronsay, | Colonsay | Parousia, | Hell, 633 | ||
| Oakingham, | Wokingham | Orphat, | Arafat | Parquet, | Stock-exchange |
| Oak-lungs, | Lungwort | Orso, | Venice | Parroquet, | Parrakeet |
| Oastler, Richard, | Factory Acts | Ortler Pass, | Alps, 195 | Parysatis, | Darius II. |
| Oaxaca, | Oaxaca, America, 220 | Ortygia, | Delos | Pasiphaë, | Dædalus |
| Obelisk, | Asterisk | Oruro, | Bolivia | Passant, | Heraldry, 663 |
| Obongo, | Bongo, Dwarf | Oryctognosy, | Mineralogy | Passement, | Lace, 472 |
| Obrenovich, | Servia | Oscarshall, | Christiana | Pastorales, | Basques |
| Obturator, | Breechloading | Osite, | Apatite | Pâté de Foie Gras, | Goose |
| O'Carolan, Turlough, | Bard | Osman, | Othman | Patience Dock, | Spinach |
| Oceanic Currents, | Gulf Stream | Osmanlı, | Turkey, Asia Minor | Patkoi, | Burma |
| Oceanography, | Geography | Osmundaceæ, | Ferns | Patriarchal Theory, | Family |
| Ochrôte, | Cerium | Os Sacrum, | Sacrum | Paul of the Thebaid, | Hermit |
| Ochus, | Darius II., Artaxerxes III. | Ossington, Viscount, | Denison | Pawn, | Chess, 163 |
| Octant, | Hadley | Osteo-arthritis, | Rheumatism | Payanghat, | Berar |
| Oddero, | Christiansand | Osteolite, | Apatite | Peacock Moth, | Emperor Moth |
| Odinic Code, | Scandinavian Mythology | Osteology, | Anatomy, 254 | Pea-nut, | Ground-nut |
| Odocar, | Odocer | Osterbygd, | Greenland | Pearl Hardening, | Gypsum |
| Odyseus, | Ulysses | Ostraca, | Writing, 754 | Pearl Spar, | Brown Spar |
| Ænone, | Paris | Ostracism, | Ballot | Pearl White, | Bismuth |
| Æser, | Goethe, 273 | Ostrich, American, | Rhea | Peat-gas, | Gas-lighting, 104 |
| Og, | Bashan, Giants | Ostrich Plumes, | Ich Dien | Peckham, | London, 706 |
| Ogechee Lime, | Tupelo | Ostsee, | Baltic Sea | Pecten, Pectose, | Cookery |
| Ogive, | Ogee | Ostyaks, | Ostiahs | Peganon, | Rue |
Pellew, Edward, Exmouth
Pembroke College, Cambridge, Oxford
Penge, London, 705
Penitential Psalms, Miserere
Penitentiary, Prisons, 421
Penjdeh, or Panjdeh, Afghanistan
Pennant, Pennoncel, Flag
Pen Pits, Gillingham
Pentateuch, Samaritan Pentateuch
Pentelicus, Athens
Pepo, Berry
Pepsin, Fermentation
Perceval, Arthur, Grail
Perigynous, Flower, 691
Perimorph, Endomorph
Periodic Law, Atomic Theory, 552
Pericœci, Sparta
Periostitis, Teeth
Peristerite, Felspar
Perran Round, Perranzabuloe
Perrers, Alice, Edward III.
Persian Berries, French Berries
Persian Wheel, Pumps
Peruvian Gooseberry, Winter-cherry
Peruvian Mastic, Schinus
Pesarese, Il, Cantarini, Guido
Pescaderia, Coriña
Peshito, Alphabet, 188
Peso, Dollar
Petaurus, Flying Animals
Petchenegs, Russia, 43
Peterhouse, Cambridge
Peter of Alcantara, Franciscans
Petit, Chemistry, 147
Petong, Packfong
Petrology, Petrography, Geology, 150
Pettychaps, Lesser, Chiffchaff
Peulhs, Fulahs
Pfeiffer, C., Birch-Pfeiffer
Phalange, Fourier (François)
Phalanges, Foot
Pharaoh's Serpent, Sulphocyanides
Pharpar, Abana, Damascus
Pheasant's Eye, Adonis, 59
Philanthropin, Basedow
Philippa, Queen, Edward III.
Philo Byblus, Sanchuniathon
Philosopher's Stone, Alchemy, 131
Philosophical Phial, Bologna Phial
Phlœum, Bast
Phlogopite, Mica
Phœnicopteris, Flamingo
Phœnix, Arizona
Phonogram, Alphabet, 185
Phosphates, Syrup
Phosphorite, Apatite
Photo-lithography, Photography, 153
Phthiriasis, Lice
Phulwara, Butter-tree
Phyllopoda, Crustacea
Phyotomy, Anatomy
Phytophthora, Potato
Piccini, Gluck
Picciola, Saintine
Picea, Fir
Pichurim Beans, Greenheart, Sassafras
Picts' Work, Cattrail
Pie, Magpie
Piedmontite, Porphyry
Pig-iron, Iron, 218
Pigmy Ape, Barbary Ape
Pignerol, Pinerolo
Pig-rat, Bandicoot Rat
Pigs' Faces, Mesembryaceæ
Pigweed, Chenopodium
Pika, Hare, Lagomys
Pilâtre des Rosiers, Balloon, 688
Pilbarra, Western Australia
Pile-dwellings, Lake-dwellings
Pile-wort, Celandine
Pillaf, Pilau
Pinax, Cebes
Pineal Gland, Sphenodon
Pine Barrens, Georgia, 163
Pinna, Ear
Pipe-major, Band
Pipe of Peace, Calumet
Pipe-shrub, Pipe-vine, Aristolochia
Pipewort, Eriocaulaceæ
Pistazite, Epidote
Pitch Pine, Timber
Pitt Press, Cambridge
Pixies, Fairies
Pladda, Arran
Plaster of Paris, Cements, 59; Splints
Plateau, Geology, 154; Tablelands
Platen, Graf, Germany, 189
Platyrrhini, Monkey
Pleuracanthus, Fishes, 656
Pleurisy Root, Asclepias
Plough, Ursa Major
Ploughman's Spikenard, Conyza
Plumbism, Lead, 545
Plumpton, Coursing
Plumpudding-stone, Conglomerate
Plynlimmon, Plynlimmon
Pneumatic Gun, Air-gun, Cannon
Pnyx, Athens
Podalic Version, Obstetrics
Podium, Amphitheatre
Pointers, Ursa Major
Poiret, Peter, Bourignon
Poison-flour, Arsenic
Polaris, Pole-star
Polarite, Sewage, 341
Polatouche, Flying Animals
Pole-axe, Battle-axe
Polemeans, Apollinaris
Pollajuolo, Engraving
Pollux, Castor
Polydore Vergil, Vergil
Polygenist, Ethnology, Adam, 46
Polygraphy, Cryptography
Polymorphism, Dimorphism
Polyphemus, Cave of, Aci Realè, Acis
Pomelo, Shaddock
Pomeranian Dog, Spitz
Pomeranus, Bugenhagen
Pomuk, Nepomuk
Ponderous Spar, Baryta
Poniatowsky, Gem, 127
Pons Varoli, Brain
Pont du Gard, Bridge
Pontoon, Caisson
Pony Express, Express
Poor Man's Pepper, Cress
Poor Man's Weather-glass, Pimpernel
Piplar, London, 703
Porcelain Tower, China, 186; Pagoda
Porcupine Grass, Spinifex
Porcupine Wood, Cocoa-nut
Porgie, Sheepshead
Pornocracy, Church History, 238
Poronai, Yezo
Portici, Herculaneum
Port Jackson, Sydney
Port of Spain, Trinidad
Porto Vecchio, Corsica
Port Royal, Annapolis
Postulate, Axiom
Potato Spirit, Fusel Oil
Potato Stones, Geodes
Pothinus, Gallican Church
Potter's Clay, Clay
Pottinger, Sir Eldred, Herat
Power-loom, Weaving
Powis, Earl, Herbert
Pozzo di Gotto, Barcellona
Præfloration, Æstivation
Preanger Regencies, Bandong, Java
Preesall Brine, Salt
Pressburg, Presburg
Prickly Ash, Xanthoxylum
Priestly Code, Bible, 120; Pentateuch
Prime Staff, Clog Almanac
Primus, Primate
Prince's Feather, Amaranth
Prince Town, Dartmoor
Prince-wood, Elm
Prisage, Butlerage
Priscillianists, Docetæ
Prism, Nicol, Polarity
Privet, Egyptian, Henna
Production, Political Economy
Profane Swearing, Swearing
Prometheus, Adam, 45
Proof Spirit, Alcohol, Whisky
Propenyl Alcohol, Glycerine
Proprium Sanctorum, Breviary
Proteids, Diet; Digestion, 819; Food
Prothallus, Ferns
Prothesis, Credence
Proustite, Silver
Prover, Approver
Proviant-master, Commissariat
Providence, Annapolis
Prusa, Broussa, Bithynia
Psalterium, Digestion, 817
Pseudo-Smerdis, Darius
Pteropod Ooze, Sea
Ptolemais, Acre
Ptyalin, Fermentation, Digestion, 819
Ptyalism, Saliva
Pubis, Pelvis
Puccinia, Plants
Puddling Furnace, Iron, 219
Pudukota, India, 110
Puglia, Apulia
Pukhtu, Pushtu
Pul, Assyria, 515, 516; Babylonia, 634
Pulcheria, Eudocia, Eutyches
Pulcicaria, Fleabane
Pulsellum, Flagellum
Pulu, Fibrous Substances
Puna, Poona
Puna, Wind, 679
Pupilarity, Age, 92
Purna, Berar
Purples, Purpura
Purpresture, Forfeiture
Pursiness, Broken Wind
Pushkaram, Godavari
Putrid Sea, Siwash
Pyet, Magpie
Pylos, Navarino
Pyrargyrite, Silver
Pyrophorus, Firefly
Pyroxylin, Collodion
Pyrrha, Deucalion
Pytho, Delphi
Quahang, Clam
Quaker Bird, Albatross
Quamash, Liliaceæ
Quandung Nut, Santalaceæ
Quarter Evil, Black Quarter
Quartier Latin, Paris
Quartile, Aspects
Quartz Resinite, Girasol
Queen's College, Cambridge, Oxford
Queen's College, Birmingham
Queen's Evidence, King's Evidence
Queen's Messenger, Messenger
Queen's Remembrancer, Remembrancer
Quercine, Oak
Quia Emptores, Feudalism
Quina, Cinchona
Quinones, Cardinal, Breviary
Quinquina, Cinchona
Quirinalia, Festivals
| Quirites, | Cures | Ribgrass, | Plantain | St George's Duck, | Sheldrake |
| Quitch, | Couch-grass | Richter, | Chemistry, 147 | St George's-in-the-East, | London, 703 |
| Quod Semper, Catholic Church, | Lérins | Ridgway Club, | Coursing | St George's Island, | Bermudas |
| Rachitis, | Rickets | Rifleman, | Honey-eater | St Giles, | London, 703 |
| Rack, | Arrack | Rigas, | Greece, 392 | St Helen's Beds, | Osborne Beds |
| Radbod, | Frisians | Rime, | Rhyme | St John's Bread, | Carob |
| Radiant Matter, | Vacuum Tubes | Rim Stock, | Clog Almanac | St John's College, | Oxford, Cambridge |
| Raffle, | Gambling | Ringwaart, | Polder | St Louis, | Mauritins |
| Ragged Robin, | Lychnis | Rio del Desastre, | Blewfields | St Louis, | Paris, 761 |
| Railways, Pneumatic, Pneum. Despatch | Ripidolite, | Chlorite | St Margaret's College, | Glasgow, 234 | |
| Raines Inlet, | Barrier Reef | Road-runner, | Cuckoo | St Margaret's Hope, | Forth |
| Rain-wash, | Denudation | Robert of Champagne, | Cistercians | St Mary Hall, | Oxford |
| Rais, | Rets | Robetto, | Engraving | St Mary's, | Scilly Islands |
| Ram, | Aries | Roche, Peter de, | Henry III., 645 | St Mungo's College, | Glasgow, 234 |
| Rambam, | Mainonides | Rock-cork, Rock-leather, | Asbestos | St Nicholas College, | Lancing College |
| Rammelsberg, | Goslar | Rock-fish, | Basse | St Pancras, | Pancras (St) |
| Rampant, | Heraldry, 663 | Rock-snake, | Bongar, Python | St Patrick's Cabbage, | Saxifrage |
| Ranavalona, Queen, | Madagascar | Rock-wood, | Asbestos | St Paul de Loanda, | Angola |
| Rangabé, | Greece, 392 | Roderick the Great, | Wales | St Paul's Cathedral, | London, 698, 700 |
| Rank and File, | File | Roe, | Fish | St Peter's College, | Cambridge |
| Rapes of Sussex, | Riding | Rogers, | Engraving | St Raphael, | Fréjus |
| Rappoltsweler, | Ribeauville | Roland's Tower, | Gaeta | St Serf's Inch, | Culdees |
| Rascia, | Novibazar | Romanesca, | Galliard | St Stephen's Stones, | Chalcedony |
| Rathmines, | Dublin | Ronger, Florimond, | Hervé | St Ubes, | Setubal |
| Rat Islands, | Aleutian Islands | Roscellinus, Scholasticism, Nominalism | Saker, | Falcon, Falconry | |
| Ratke, | Ratich | Roseau, | Dominica | Sal Alembroth, | Mercury |
| Rattan, | Ruatan | Rose Bay, | Oleander | Salamis, | Cyprus |
| Rattening, | Sheffield | Rosechafer, | Goliuth Beetle | Salé, | Sallee |
| Raucoux, | Saxe (Maurice) | Rose of Heaven, | Flower of Fove | Salivary Calculus, | Dentistry |
| Raupach, | Germany, 189 | Rose of Sharon, | Aaron's Beard | Salmon-dace, | Basse |
| Raymond du Puy, | Hospitallers | Rose-point, | Lace, 472 | Salpétrière, | Paris, 765 |
| Raymond of Toulouse, | Albigenses | Rosewood, | Facarana, Lythraceae | Sal-prunelle, | Nitre |
| Ray's Bream, | Brama | Rosolic Acid, | Dyeing, 141 | Salt-cake, | Soda |
| Razor, | Cutlery | Rothadius, | Hincmar | Saltström, | Maelström |
| Realists, | Scholasticism | Rothamsted, | Agriculture, 103 | Saltwell, | Gateshead |
| Rebate, | Abatement | Rotherhithe, | London, 706 | Salvator, Order of St, | Bridget (St) |
| Red Alder, | Saxifragaceae | Rothes, Earl of, | Leslie | Salzach, | Salzburg |
| Red Bird, | Cardinal Bird | Roucou, | Annatto | Samani, | Persia, 68 |
| Red Chalk, | Reddle | Roundels, | Bezants | Samar, | Philippine Islands |
| Red Clay, | Sea | Roundtail, | Bull Trout | Sambuca, | Elder (tree) |
| Redcliff, | Bristol | Route, The, | Dalriada | Sammartini, | Gluck |
| Red Dish, | Anchoy | Rovigo, Duc de, | Savary | Sanison, | Zwingli |
| Red Gum, | Iron Bark Tree | Rowley, | Chatterton | San Chiao, | Lao-tse |
| Red Indians, | American Indians | Royal Arms, | Heraldry, 668 | Sancho Panza, | Cervantes |
| Red River, | Annam | Royal Irish Constabulary, | Police | Sancy, | Diamond, 792 |
| Redshank, | Sauvage | Royal Scots, | Army, 433, 435 | Sandbanks, | Sand |
| Redwood, | Timber | Rubáiyát, | Omar Khayyám | Sand-bear, | Badger |
| Reed, | Writing, 755 | Rudbeck, | Sweden | Sand-drift, | Drift |
| Reed-mace, | Bulrush | Rukh, | Roc | Sanders-wood, Dyeing, 139; Sandalwood | |
| Reed-warbler, | Warbler | Rule Britannia, | Mallet | Sand-flea, | Chigoe |
| Reeve, | Ruff | Runner, | Crimp | Sandfly Island, | Friendly Islands |
| Referees, Reference, | Arbitration | Rusa, | Sambur | Sandlark, | Plover |
| Refuge, | City of Refuge | Rushen Castle, | Castletown | Sand-stars, | Brittle-stars |
| Regent-bird, | Bower-bird | Rutherford Act, | Accumulation | Sanga, | Galla Ox |
| Register, | Records (Scotland) | Rutic Acid, | Caproic Acid | Sang-koi, | Tongking |
| Register, Annual, | Annual Register | Saavedra, | Cervantes | Sango, | Tibet |
| Reichsrath, | Austria, 600 | Sabica, | Timber | Sangre de Cristo Mts., Rocky Mountains | |
| Reid, | Scottish Philosophy | Sablar, | Dax | Sanidine, | Felspar |
| Reinhold, | Astronomy | Sable, | Heraldry, 661 | San-Juan Mountains, Rocky Mountains | |
| Renty, | Firearms | Saccas, | Ammonius | Santá Fé de Bogota, | Bogota |
| Repeater, | Horology | Saccharite, | Felspar | Santander, | Colombia |
| Reprobate, | Approbate | Saccharoses, | Sugar | São Miguel, | St Michael |
| Requa Battery, | Machine Gun | Sacred Fig, | Banyan, Peepul | Sap Green, | Green Pigments |
| Reigonium, | Beregonium | Saddleback, | Anticline | Sappare, | Cyanite |
| Resetting, | Theft | Sadharan Somaj, | Brahmo Somaj | Sap-roller, | Gabion |
| Reshid-id-Din, | Persia, 72 | Safety Islands, | Guiana | Saros, | Chronology, 226 |
| Resin Cerate, | Basilicon | Saffron Hill, | London, 703 | Sarrasin, | Buckwheat |
| Resonator, | Sound | Sagan, | High-priest | Sassaby, | Bubalis |
| Retention of Urine, | Urine | Sage College, | Cornell University | Satlaj, | Sutlej |
| Reticularia, | Foraminifera | Sagres, | Henry the Navigator | Saumaise, | Salmasins |
| Retorts, | Gas-lighting | Sahibganj, | Gaya | Sauropsida, | Reptiles, Vertebrata |
| Revetments, | Breach | Sahidic, | Copts | Sawakin, | Suakin |
| Reynolds, John H., | Hood (Thouas) | Sailughem Mountains, | Altai | Sawatch Range, | Rocky Mountains |
| Rhætian Alps, | Alps | St Aidan's College, | Birkenhead | Saxe-Lauenburg, | Lauenburg |
| Rheinessen, | Hesse | St Alban Hall, | Oxford | Sayan, | Chay Root |
| Rhuddlan, Statutes of, | Wales | St Alyre, | Clermont | Saybrook, | Connecticut |
| Ribaudequin, | Firearms | St Catharine's College, | Cambridge | Scapulomancy, | Divination |
| Ribbon-fish, | Hair-tail | St Edmund Hall, | Oxford | Scarif-skin, | Epidermis |
| Ribbon Grass, | Canary Grass | St Erth Beds, | Pliocene System | Scarification, | Bleeding, Cupping |
| Schabziger Cheese, | Glarus |
| Scheffler, | Angelus Silesius | Set, | Egypt, 234, 235, 238, 239 | Smelting-house Smoke, | Arsenic |
| Schelly, | Coregonus | Setia, | Sezze | Smintheus, | Apollo |
| Schimmel, | Holland, 745 | Seven Hunters, | Flannan Islands | Smith, J., of Deanston, | Drainage |
| Schizæææ, | Ferns | Seven Stars, | Pleiades | Smoky Quartz, | Cairngorm |
| Schlei, | Sleswich | Seventh Day Adventists, | Adventists | Snake River, | Idaho |
| Schmidt, Conrad, | Flagellants | Seven Towers, | Constantinople | Snakeroot, | Asarabacca, Aristolochia |
| Schmidt, Max, | Germany, 189 | Seventy, The, | Septuagint | Snake's Head, | Fritillary |
| Schneider, | Creusot | Sext, | Breviary | Snowdon, | Watkin (Sir Edward) |
| Scholasticus, | Chancellor, Evagrius | Shahpur, | Persia, Zend | Snow-flick, | Snow-bunting |
| Schongauer, | Engraving | Shah Shuja, | Afghanistan, 78 | Snowflower, | Fringe Tree |
| Schoppe, | Sciopinus | Shalkot, | Quetta | Soap-liniment, | Liniments |
| Schröckh, | Church History, 243 | Shallon, | Gaultheria | Social Science, | Sociology |
| Schröder-Devrient, | Devrient | Shalmaneser, | Assyria | Soda-lime, | Analysis, 251 |
| Schultze Powder, | Gun-cotton | Shaston, | Shaftesbury | Sofi, | Abbas |
| Schumna, | Shumla | Shawangunk Mountains, | Appalachians | Sogdianus, | Darius II. |
| Schweinfurth Green, | Arsenic | Shawnee Wood, | Catalpa | Sola, | Shola |
| Scissors-bill, | Skimmer | Sheikh-al-jibal, | Assassins | Solemn League, | Covenant |
| Scissor-tail, | Tyrant-birds | Sheikh Muslih Addin, | Sadi | Solenette, | Sole |
| Sciuropterus, | Flying Animals | Sheldonian Theatre, | Oxford | Solmona, | Sulmona |
| Sclerotic, | Eye | Shell-mounds, | Kitchen-middens | Soluble Blue, | Dyeing, 141 |
| Scelopacidae, | Snipe, Sandpiper | Shepheardella, | Foraminifera | Soluble Glass, | Glass, 245 |
| Scelopendridæ, | Centipede | Shepherd Kings, | Egypt, 239 | Solution, | Heat |
| Scolytidae, | Weevil | Shepherd's Barometer, | Pimpernel | Somaj, | Brahmo Somaj |
| Scombridae, | Tunny | Shepherd's Needle, | Chervil | Song of Solomon, | Canticles |
| Scones, | Bread | Shereef, | Sherif | Sooty Tern, | Egg-bird |
| Scoop Wheels, | Pumps | Sheridan, Helen S., | Dufferin | Soph, | Cambridge |
| Scorbutus, | Scurvy | Sherif-id-Din, | Persia, 72 | Sophon of Syracuse, | Mimes |
| Scorification, | Assaying | Shickshock Mountains, | Appalachians | Soporifics, | Narcotics |
| Scotch Pebbles, | Pebble, Cairngorm | Shield Fern, | Ferns | Sorb, | Beam-tree |
| Scotichronicon, | Fordun | Shilfa, | Chaffinch | Sorbs or Serbs, | Servia |
| Scott, John, | Edin | Shimiyu, Africa, 82 ; | Victoria Nyanza | Sorosis, | Bread-fruit |
| Scottish Academy, | Royal Academy | Shins, | Hindu Knsh | Sorrel, Salt of, | Lemon |
| Screw Propeller, | Shipbuilding | Shomer, | Arabia, 364 | Sorrel Cool Drink, | Hibiscus |
| Scripts, | Writing, 755, 756 | Shoo-king, | Elements | Sostenente, | Pianoforte, 164 |
| Scup, | Sheepshead | Shooting Stars, | Meteors | Souari Nuts, | Caryocar |
| Scyro, | Skyros | Shrike-billed Kingbird, | Tyrant-birds | Soum, | Glebe |
| Scythian Lamb, | Barometz | Shrubby Trefoil, | Hop-tree | Sour Gum Tree, | Tupelo |
| Sea-crayfish, | Lobster | Shumack, | Smach | Soutsos, | Greece, 392 |
| Sea-devil, | Angler | Shushan, | Susa | Souvalky, | Swalky |
| Sea Island, | Georgia, 163; Cotton | Shuttleworth, Sir J. K., | Education, 211 | Sow, | Breaching Tower |
| Sea-lavender, | Plumbagineæ | Shuwas, | Bornu | Sowbread, | Cyclamen |
| Sea-lilies, | Crinoidea | Siamang, | Gibbon, 202 | Spaniard Rod, | Osier |
| Sea Milkwort, | Glanx | Siberian Plague, | Anthrax | Spaniard's Beard, | Bromeliaceæ |
| Sea of the Plain, | Dead Sea | Siegen, | Engraving | Spanish Bayonet, | Yucca |
| Sea-parrot, | Puffin | Sierra Mantiquiera, | America, 220 | Spanish Succession, | Succession Wars |
| Sea-pear, Sea-perch, | Sea-squirt | Signalling, | Semaphore | Spanker, | Sail |
| Sea-pert, | Opah | Silent Week, | Holy Week | Spectrometer, Spectroscope, | Spectrum |
| Sea-pork, | Sea-squirt | Silk Weed, | Fibrous Substances | Speculum Salvationis, | Biblia P. |
| Sea-rose, | Anemone (Sea) | Silkworm Rot, | Muscadine | Speenhamland Act, | Poor-laws, 313 |
| Seaside Balsam, | Cascarilla | Silphium, | Cyrenaica | Speichern, | Spicheren |
| Sea Thyme, | Germander | Silverberry, | Elæagnus | Speiss, | Cobalt |
| Seaware, | Fucus, Seaweeds | Silver-glance, | Glance | Spencer, David, | Coventry |
| Sebaceous Cysts, | Wens | Silvestrines, | Benedictines | Sphalerite, | Blende, Zinc |
| Sebaceous Glands, | Skin | Simonetta, | Echo | Spider-crabs, | Crab |
| Sebastiya, | Samaria | Singh, | Sikhs | Spike Island, | Cork |
| Segarelli, | Apostolic Brethren | Singhalese, | Ceylon, 79 | Spike Oil, | Lavender |
| Sejant, | Heraldry, 663 | Sin Offering, | Sacrifices | Spina Bifida, | Spinal Column |
| Sekhet, | Egypt, 234 | Siriehout, | Compositæ | Spinach, Wild, | Mercury (Dog's) |
| Selimnia, | Sliven | Siris, | Tar | Spindle-shell, | Fusus |
| Selungs, | Mergui Archipelago | Sirôzah, | Zend | Spinode, | Cusp |
| Selwyn College, | Cambridge | Sissoo, | Dalbergia | Spiral Pump, | Archimedes' Screw |
| Sempronian Law, | Agrarian Laws | Siwah, | Ammonitum | Spiritism, | Spiritualism |
| Sena, | Zambesi | Skau, The, | Skagen | Spirit of Salt, | Hydrochloric Acid |
| Senkereh Tables, | Scales of Notation | Skeeling Goose, | Sheldrake | Spital, | Hospitals |
| Sennoc, | Esparto | Skene, Loch, | Dumfriesshire | Splanchnology, | Anatomy, 254 |
| Sensationalism, | Condillac | Skip-jack, | Wire-worms, Elater | Sporocyst, | Fluke |
| Sephardim, | Hebrew, 615 | Skipper, | Sanry Pike | Sprit-sail, | Sail |
| Seppings, Sir Robert, | Shipbuilding | Skulpin, | Dragonet | Sprouts, | Rush |
| Sera, | China, 183 | Sla, | Sallee | Squamipennes, | Brussels Sprouts |
| Serai, | Constantinople | Slate Spar, | Calcite | Squatter Sovereignty, | United States, 388 |
| Serapeum, | Alexandria | Sleep-walker, | Somnambulism | Squid, | Monk-fish |
| Serbal, Mount, | Sinai | Sleepy Market, | Fairs | Stagger-worm, | Hydatid |
| Serena, | Coquimbo | Sleuth-hound, | Bloodhound | Stag's-horn Moss, | Lycopodiaceæ |
| Seres, Serica, | China, 183 | Slidell, | Trent Affair | Stake Net, | Salmon, 115 |
| Sermione, | Garda | Sligachan, Glen, | Skye | Stakhr, | Istakhr |
| Serpent-eater, | Secretary-bird | Slink-weed, | Epilobium | Stalactites, | Limestone |
| Sertürner, | Chemistry, 147 | Slipper Animalcule, | Paramectum | Stangeria, | Cycads |
| Servitors, | Sizars | Slow-worm, | Blind-worm, Lizard | Stanihurst, Richard, | Holinshed |
| Sesostris, | Egypt, 240 | Sly-goose, | Sheldrake | Stanko, | Cos |
| Session, | Kirk-session | Smalt, | Blue, Cobalt |
| Stapelia, | Carrion Flowers | Sumburgh, | Harbour, 552 | Tegea, | Greece, 387 |
| Stapes, | Ear, 156, 158 | Summerly, Felix, | Cole (Sir Henry) | Teif, | Cardiganshire |
| Staphylea, | Bladder-nut | Sumpitan, | Blowpipe, 243 | Telamones, | Atlantes |
| Staples, | Farne Islands | Sunday Letter, | Dominical Letter | Tell-el-Amarina, | Tel-el-Amarina |
| Stapleton-cotton, | Combermere | Sunderbunds, | Sundarbans | Tellus, | Gæa |
| Starch-hyacinth, | Grape-hyacinth | Sunna, | Arabian Language, 365 | Temujin, | Genghis Khan |
| Starkenburg, | Hesse | Sunstone, | Felspar, Girasol | Tenaille, | Fortification |
| Star Metal, | Antimony | Supple Jack, | Sapindaceæ | Tenebris, | Black Beetle |
| Star-thistle, | Centauræa | Suppression of Urine, | Urine | Tenesmus, | Urine |
| Starwort, Sea, | Aster | Survival of Fittest, | Darwinian Theory | Tenimber, | Timor-Laut |
| Station Island, | Derg (Lough) | Survivals, | Folklore, 709 | Tent Mount, | Crimea |
| Statute of Uses, | Bargain and Sale | Susiana, | Khuzistan | Ten Tribes, | Anglo-Israelite |
| Stauffacher, Werner, | Switzerland | Suslik, | Zizel | Tentyra, | Dendera |
| Stearine, | Caudle, Cocoa-nut | Sutras, | Buddhism, 517 | Tenure, | Allodium |
| Stea-tree, | Sapotaceæ | Suva, | Fiji | Tepe-tepe, | Cuckoo |
| Steenkerke, | Steinkerke | Svealand, | Sweden | Tephu, | Blutan |
| Steganography, | Cryptography | Swallow-wort, | Celandine | Tequendama, | Bogota |
| Stegocephali, | Labyrinthodonts | Swamp Dogwood, | Sumach | Teraï, | Bengal |
| Stellio, | Agamidæ | Swan River Mahogany, | Australia, 589 | Tergeste, | Trieste |
| Stentor, | Howler | Sweating Coins, | Coining | Ter Goes, | Goes |
| Stepanite, | Silver | Sweet Cicely, | Chervil | Terminer, | Assize, Oyer |
| Steropes, | Cyclopes | Sweet-gum Tree, | Liquidambar | Terra di Otranto, | Lecce |
| Steno, | Gorgon | Sweet Locust, | Honey Locust | Terra Verte, | Green Pigments |
| Stibnite, | Antimony | Sweet Virgin's Bower, | Clematis | Territorial Mandates, | Assignats |
| Stickney, Sarah, | Ellis (Wm.) | Sweet-water Canal, | Zagazig | Tertullianists, | Montanism |
| Stigmites, | Chalcedony | Sweet-wood, | Cascarilla | Ter-Vere, | Campvere |
| Still, Bishop, | Drama | Sweyn, | England, 349 | Tesselata, | Crinoidea |
| Stillng, | Fung Stillng | Swifts, | Ghost-moth | Testudinidæ, | Chelonia |
| Stipendiaries, | Mercenaries | Swimming Bladder, | Air Bladder | Tete, | Zambesi |
| Stitny, Thomas of, | Bohemia | Swinestone, | Stinkstone | Tetons, | Rocky Mountains |
| Stockade, | Fortification | Swinford, Catharine, | Henry VII. | Tetrahedrite, | Copper |
| Stock Dove, | Pigeon | Sybœ, | Onion | Tetrapolis, | Antioch |
| Stolon, | Branch | Sychar, | Gerizim | Teverone, | Anio |
| Stonebyres, | Clyde | Sydney Sussex College, | Cambridge | Thalamifloræ, | Flower, 691 |
| Stone Curlew, | Thick-knee | Symptomatic Charbon, | Black Quarter | Thalassography, | Geography |
| Stonehatch, | Plover | Synaptase, | Emulsin | Thaler, | Dollar |
| Stone-lilies, | Crinoidea | Synoptists, | Gospels | Thames Embankment, | Loudon, 704 |
| Stone of Destiny, | Coronation, Scone | Synthetic Philosophy, | Spencer (H.) | Thau, | Héruault |
| Stoneware, | Pottery | Syntomin, | Digestion, 819 | Thebaid, | Thebes |
| Stonewort, | Chara | Systole, | Circulation, 263 | Thebaw, | Burma |
| Storage Batteries, | Electric Light, 283 | Tabanidæ, | Cleg | Themison, | Medicine |
| Stor-Elv, | Globben | Taberg Mount, | Sweden | Theognis, | Gnome |
| Stout, | Beer, 37 | Tableland, | Geology, 154 | Theorbo, | Lute |
| Stout, | Cleg | Taguan, | Squirrel | Theotokos, | Greek Church, 397, 398 |
| Stow, David, | Education, 217 | Taille, | France, 780 | Thera, Therasia, | Santorin |
| Strain, | Sprain | Tajiks, | Persia, Afghanistan | Thervings, | Goths |
| Strand, The, | London, 703 | Talbor, Robert, | Cinchona | Theseum, | Athens, 538, 539 |
| Strawberry Blite, | Chenopodiaceæ | Talcahuano, | Concepcion | Thesis, | Arsis |
| Stream Tin, | Cassiterite | Talipot Palm, | Fan Palm | Thesimophoria, | Mysteries, Demeter |
| Streoneshah, | Hilda, Whitby | Talvi, | Robinson (T. A. L.) | Thiakî, | Ithaca |
| Strobila, | Hydrozoa | Tamandua, | Ant-eater | Thomas, John, | Christadelphians |
| Stromceiler Creek, | Fair Isle | Tamara, | Georgia, 164 | Thomists, | Aquinas |
| Stromeyerite, | Silver | Tamarack, | Larch | Thomson Effect, | Electricity, 277 |
| Strongylus, | Worms | Tambo, | Apurinac, Antisana | Thoracostraca, | Crustacea |
| Struggle for Existence, | Darwinian Th. | Tambour, | Fortification | Thorax, | Chest |
| Struthio, | Ostrich | Tana, | Azov, Tzana, Africa, 83 | Thorismund, | Attila |
| Strutt, Jedidiah, | Arkwright | Tandil, | Rocking-stones | Thorn-devil, | Agamidæ |
| Stuart, J. M'Douall, | Australia, 592 | Tannin, | Milfoil | Thorough-wax, | Hare's-ear |
| Stuart, Sobieski, | Jacobites | Tapoa Tafa, | Phascogale | Thorough-wort, | Eupatorium |
| Stump Tree, | Gymnocladus | Tappan Bay, | Sing-Sing | Thorshavn, | Faroe Islands |
| Stupa, | Topè | Taraï, | Himalaya | Thoth, | Hermetic Books, Hermopolis |
| Style, | Flower | Targum, | Samaritan Pentateuch | Thothmes, | Egypt, 240 |
| Styrol, | Beuzoin | Tarim River, | Asia, 486, 488 | Thought, | Psychology |
| Sublime Porte, | Constantinople | Tarraco, | Tarragona | Threave Castle, | Galloway |
| Submaxillary Gland, | Saliva | Tartarian Lamb, | Barometz | Three Sisters River, | Barrow |
| Suchau, | Soochoo | Tartaro, | Basques, 779 | Three-thorned Acacia, | Honey Locust |
| Sucking Fish, | Mackerel | Tartessus, | Tarshish, Andalusia | Throckmorton, | Cowper |
| Sucrose, | Sugar | Tatar-Bazardjik, | Bazardjik | Thummim, | Urim |
| Suctoria, | Infusoria | Tatra Mountains, | Austria, 596 | Thur Desert, | Sind |
| Suda Bay, | Crete | Taurids, | Meteors, 157 | Thurible, | Thurifer, Censer |
| Sueno's Stone, | Forres | Tauris, | Tabriz | Thurmayr, Johanns, | Aventinus |
| Sugar-grass, | Darra | Tawarek, | Berbers | Thyestes, | Atreus |
| Sugar-loaves, | Galerites | Tawilah, | Kishm | Thymol, | Thyme |
| Suggestion, | Hypnotism | Taxel, | Badger | Thyroid, | Larynx |
| Suint, | Bleaching, 218 | Taxodium, | Conifera | Tiburtis, | Evander |
| Sulaiman Hills, | Suliman | Taygetus, | Greece, 384 | Tien-ti-Hwuy, | Secret Societies |
| Suleiman II., | Solyman | Taylor, J. J., | Atonement, 555 | Tiers Argent, | Aluminium |
| Suleyman, | Turkey, 333 | Tchechs, | Czechs | Tiger-shot, | Grape-shot |
| Sullivan's Island, | Charleston | Tchetchens, | Caucasus | Tiger-beetle, | Cicindella |
| Sumba, | Sandalwood Island | Tiger-cat, | Margay, Serval, Ocelot |
| Tiger-moth, Arctiæ | Tringa, Dunlin, Sandpiper | Vair, Heraldry, 661 |
| Tiger-wolf, Hyæna | Trinity Coll., Canb., Dublin, Oxford | Valdai Hills, Russia |
| Tiglath-Pileser, Assyria, Babylonia, 634 | Trinity Hall, Cambridge | Valencia, Valentia |
| Tilia, Fibrous Substances | Tripitaka, Buddhism, 517 | Valentinois, Diana of Poitiers |
| Till Eulenspiegel, Eulenspiegel | Tristan, Arthur, Tristram | Valerius, Aurelianus |
| Tilly Seeds, Croton | Triumphal Arch, Arch, Rome | Valhalla, Heaven |
| Tim Bobbin, Collier (John) | Trollhätta Falls, Sweden, 5 | Valkyrijur, Walkyries |
| Timocracy, Government | Trona, Natron | Valvassor, Vavasour |
| Timur, Tamerlane, Turkey, 332 | Troödos, Mount, Cyprus | Van, Lake of, Asia, 487 |
| Tinchel, Battue | Troop Sergeant-major, Colour-sergeant | Vandalitia, Andalusia |
| Tinker-fish, Skate | Trotzendorf, Friedland (V.) | Vandama, Canary Islands |
| Tinsel, Foil | Trudel, Dorothea, Faith-healing | Vao, Curari |
| Tirhaka, Egypt, 240; Assyria, 517 | Trumpet-major, Band | Vaporisation, Evaporation, Heat |
| Tissaphernes, Alcibiades | Trumpet-tree, Cecropia | Vashti, Esther |
| Tithing, Frank-pledge | Trumpetwood, Artocarpaceæ | Vaucanson, Automaton |
| Titicaca, Lake, Bolivia | Trustees' Academy, Art, 457 | Veddahs, Ceylon, 79 |
| Titterel, Whimbrel | Tshaka, Zulus | Veere, Campvere |
| Titurel, Grail | Tuamotu, Low Archipelago | Vegetable Butter, Avocado Pear |
| Toddy Palm, Date Palm | Tuberculin, Tubercle, 317 | Velathri, Etruria |
| Tolima, Colombia | Tuberculosis, Consumption | Vena Cava, Circulation |
| Tom of Lincoln, Bell | Tubulifloræ, Compositæ | Vendidâd, Zend |
| Tompion, Horology | Tullin, Denmark, 758 | Veuesection, Phlebotomy |
| Tom Thumb, Dwarf | Tumours, Womb | Veugeur, Barère |
| Tones, Sound | Tundra, America, 215 | Venice White, Baryta |
| Tonite, Blasting | Tungabhadra, Toombudra | Venner, Fifth Monarchy Men |
| Tonsilitis, Quinsey | Tunguragua, Ecuador, Amazon, 207 | Ventricle, Heart |
| Tonsils, Digestion, 813 | Tunnage, Customs Duties | Verneuil, Scots Guards |
| Toothache Tree, Aralia, Ash, 481 | Tupaia, Bangsings | Vernis du Japon, Atlanto |
| Tooth-legged Beetle, Hot-flea | Turkey Vulture, Condor | Vert, Heraldry, 661 |
| Toothwort, Insectivorous Plants, 163 | Turkey Wheat, Maize | Vertigo, Migrims |
| Toot's Hill, Cockermouth | Turkomans, Turkestan | Verulam, Lord, Bacon (Francis) |
| Topazolite, Garnets | Turmeric, Dyeing, 139 | Verus, Lucius Aurelius, Aurelius |
| Topiarian Art, Yew | Turnbull's Blue, Ferridcyanogen | Vesontio, Besançon |
| Topinamburi, Jerusalem Artichoke | Turpeth Mineral, Mercury | Vesper Mouse, Deer Mouse |
| Tor, Dartmoor | Turtle Mountains, Dakota | Vesta, Planets |
| Torah, Pentateuch, Sadducees | Tuscan Plait, Straw Manufacture | Vetticost, Corn Salad |
| Torbanite, Boghead Coal | Tussur, Silk, 457 | Vezir, Vizier |
| Tor Bay, Devonshire | Tûti-nâneh, Seven Wise Masters | Via Devana, Cambridge |
| Tornillo, Mezquite | Tutuila, Samoa | Via Sacra, Rome |
| Tortugas, Caymans | Tyche, Fortuna | Vibrations, Doctrine of, Hartley |
| Tostig, Harold II., England, 349 | Tycoon, Japan, 283 | Vicary, Anatomy |
| Touch-me-not, Balsam | Tydfil, Merthyr-Tydfil | Vill, Township |
| Touch-piece, Angel, 271 | Tyduides, Diomedes | Villus, Digestion, 815 |
| Toulouse Heretics, Albigenses | Tynwald, House of, Man (Isle of) | Vinaya, Buddhism, 517 |
| Tourte-Cherbuliez, Cherbuliez | Typhlopidae, Snakes | Vindau, Windau |
| Tous-les-mois, Indian Shot | Typo-etching Process, Illustration | Violet Snail, Ianthina |
| Tower Warders, Beef-eater | Tyrannidae, Tyrant-shrikes, Fly-catcher | Violets, Essence of, Orris-root |
| Toxicodendron, Sunach | Tyrconnel, Donegal | Viper's Grass, Scorzonera |
| Toxicology, Orfila | Tzechs, Czechs | Viscin, Birdlime |
| Trabeate System, Architecture, 392 | Tzia, Ceos | Visparad, Zend |
| Trachoma, Eye, 514 | U-banghi, Welle | Vitalis, Ordericus Vitalis |
| Trachonitis, Bashan | Ucker, Prenzlau | Vitim, Asia, 486, 488, 490 |
| Tractellum, Flagellum | Ukraine School, Poland, 275 | Vivi, Congo |
| Trafalgar Square, London | Ulexite, Boric Acid | Vixen, Fox |
| Tragulus, Chevrotains | Ulloa, Circle of, Anthelia | Vizcaya, Biscay |
| Training-colleges, Normal Schools | Ulmic Acid, Apocrenic Acid, Elm | Voanzou, Gobbe |
| Tralles, Aidan | Umfulosi River, St Lucia Bay | Voigtland, Germany, 172 |
| Trammel, Ellipse | Uncompaligre Range, Rocky Mountains | Woiwode, Woiwode |
| Tranquebar, Schwarz | Unconsciousness, Consciousness | Volatile Alkali, Ammonia |
| Transleithania, Austria, Hungary | Undercliff, Gault | Volkhof, Ilmen |
| Transpiration, Vegetable Physiology | Unicorn, Bestiary | Volpato, Engraving |
| Travers, Hooker (Richard) | Unitas Fratrum, Moravian Brethren | Volsinii, Bolsena, Etruria, 446 |
| Tree-calf, Bookbinding | United Irishmen, Ireland, 206 | Voltameter, Electricity, 271 |
| Tree of Diana, Amalgam | Unities, Drama, 81 | Volumnia, Coriolanus |
| Treffynnon, Holywell | University Coll., Oxford, London Univ. | Vomiting of Blood, Stomach |
| Trémouille, C. de la, Derby (Earl of) | Unter den Linden, Berlin | Vriesland, Friesland |
| Trente-et-Quarante, Rouge et Noir | Unwin, Couper | Vulcanists, Geology, 148 |
| Trerawson, Chubai | Urea, Urine | Vulpius, Germany, 188 |
| Tresco, Scilly Islands | Urmia, Lake of, Asia, 487 | Vurla, Clazomenæ |
| Tresham, Francis, Gunpowder Plot | Urochordata, Tunicata | Wadham College, Oxford |
| Tressure, Heraldry, 662 | Ursern, Andermatt | Wadwhan, Wudwan |
| Trews, Highland Costume | Urticaria, Nettlerash | Wady, Asia, 488 |
| Trial by Ordeal, Ordeal | Usquebaugh, Aqua Vitæ | Wagon, Ursa Major |
| Triana, Seville | Ussher, Usher | Wahoo, Elm |
| Triceps, Arm | Utakamand, Ootacamund | Waiblingen, Guelphis |
| Tric-trac, Backgammon | Utilitarianism, Ethics | Wain, Charles's, Ursa Major |
| Tridentum, Trent | Vacoa Bags, Screw Pine | Wait-a-bit Thorn, Grapple-plant |
| Trientine Alps, Alps | Vaduz, Liechtenstein | Walafried, Gloss |
| Triers, Owen (John) | Walamer, Goths, 322 | |
| Trinacria, Sicily |
| Waldeck, Count, | Anabaptists | Whitethorn, | Hawthorn | Xeroderma, | Ichthyosis |
| Walden, | Thoreau | White-trap, | Basalt | Ximena, | Cid |
| Waldstein, | Wallenstein | Whitewood, | Timber | Xisuthros, | Deluge |
| Wallis, | Deaf and Dumb | Whiting Bay, | Arran | Xylem, | Wood |
| Walworth, | London, 706 | Whorl, | Flower | Xylonite, | Comb |
| Wampee, | Aurantiaceæ | Wickliffe, | Wycliffe | ||
| Wandsworth, | London, 705 | Wideawake, | Tern | Yacou, | Guan |
| Wansdyke, | Wiltshire | Wide-gab, | Angler | Yajurveda, | Veda |
| Wapentake, | Hundred, Dane-lagh | Wiener Neustadt, | Neustadt | Yakkhos, | Ceylon, 79, 80 |
| Wardlaw, | Shakers | Wig-tree, | Sunnach | Yakub, | Kashgar, Turkestan |
| Warnerius, | Irnerius | Wilbur, John, | Friends (Society of), 6 | Yakub Khan, | Afghanistan, 79 |
| Warrant, | Arrest | Wild Cinnamon, | Canella | Yamas, | Eden |
| Washes, | Lotions | Wildebeest, | Gnu | Yariba, | Yoriba |
| Water, | Hydrostatics | Wilfridians, | Oratory of St Philip Neri | Yarr, | Spurrey |
| Water Avens, | Geum | Wilhamite, | Porphyry | Yava, | Ava |
| Water Blue, | Dyeing, 141 | Wilk, | Periwinkle | Yellow Berries, | French Berries |
| Water-cancer, | Cancrum Oris | Willowherb, | Epilobium | Yellow Bunting, | Yellow Hammer |
| Water Horehound, | Gipsy-wort | Wills, | Australia, 592 | Yellow Goat's Beard, | Salsify |
| Water in the Head, | Hydrocephalus | Wilson, Wm., | U.P. Church | Yellow Pine, | Timber |
| Water-mice, | Hydromys | Winandermere, | Windermere | Yellow Rocket, | Cress |
| Water-mole, | Ornithorhynchus | Wincey, | Winsey | Yellow Sea, | China Sea |
| Water-yam, | Lattice Leaf | Windhover, | Kestrel | Yellow Weed, | Weld |
| Watford Island, | Bermudas | Windlestrae, | Hair Grass | Yellow Yite, | Yellow Hammer |
| Watson, | Deaf and Dumb | Wind River Mts., | Rocky Mountains | Yen, | Dollar |
| Wattles, | Australia, 589 | Winds, | Slovenians | Yeniseisk Mountains, | Asia, 487 |
| Wax-cluster, | Gaultheria | Wing-covers, | Elytra | Yenishehr, | Larissa |
| Wax-flower, | Clusia | Winged Pea, | Bird's-foot Trefoil | Yezdigerd, | Persia, 67 |
| Wax Tree, | Candleberry | Winkelmaier, Josef, | Giants | Yird-houses, | Earth-houses |
| Waynflete, Bishop, | Eton | Winter-cherry, | Solanaceæ | Yite, | Yellow Hammer |
| Webb, Captain, | Dover, Swimming | Winter King, | Frederick V. | Ymir, | Giants |
| Wedale, | Gala Water | Wirral, | Cheshire | Ynglinger, | Denmark, 756 |
| Welch, John, | Welsh | Wishing Chair, | Giants' Causeway | Yoktan, | Arabia, 363 |
| Welf, | Guelphs, Hanover | Wislica, Statute of, | Poland, 270 | Yoldrin, | Yellow Hammer |
| Wells, | Evolution, 481 | Wistmann's Wood, | Dartmoor | Yoredale Beds, | Carboniferous System |
| Welser, | Hutten (Philip von) | Wittelsbach, | Bavaria | Youatt, | Veterinary Medicine |
| Werner, | Geology, 148 | Woad, | Dyeing, 139 | Youize, | Cheetah |
| Westbourne, | London, 705 | Woburn, | Agriculture, 104 | Ypocras, | Hippocrates |
| Westerbygd, | Greenland | Wolfe, Reginald, | Holinshed | Ysopet, | Marie de France |
| Western Islands, | Hebrides | Wolverine, | Furs, 43; Glutton | Yukon, | Salmon |
| West Lothian, | Linlithgowshire | Wood, Sir W. Page, | Hatherley | Yule Mountains, | New Guinea |
| Wetterau, | Hesse | Wood Avens, | Geum | Yungas, | Bolivia |
| Wettin, | Saxony, 186 | Wood-coal, | Lignite | Yunnan, | China, 184, 185, 187 |
| Whang-hai, | Yellow Sea | Wood-eaters, | Bark-beetles | Yuruks, | Asia Minor |
| Whaup, | Curlew | Wood-evil, | Constipation | Yuscaran, | Honduras |
| Wheat-grass, | Couch-grass | Wood-gas, | Gas-lighting, 104 | Yusifieh Canal, | Babylonia, 631, 633 |
| Wherry, | Boat | Wood Sage, | Germaner | ||
| Whey, | Casein | Wood-shock, | Pekan | Zab, | Tigris |
| Whinstone, | Building Stone | Wood Vinegar, | Pyroligneous Acid | Zaba, | Biskra |
| Whit Bed, | Portland (Isle of) | Worcester College, | Oxford | Zacyuthus, | Zante |
| White, Rev. John, | Dorchester | Worm-seed, | Chenopodium, Erysimum | Zaidites, | Shiites |
| White Alder, | Saxifragaceæ | Wormser Joch, | Alps, 195 | Zaieski, | Poland, 275 |
| White Ant, | Termite | Wort, | Beer, 35 | Zarafshan, | Turkestan |
| White Crag, | Pliocene System | Wow-wow, | Gibbon, 202 | Zarahushtra, | Zoroaster |
| White Hills, | Appalachians | Wreck-fish, | Basse | Zealots, | Pharisees, Bar-Cochba |
| White Indian Fire, | Arsenic | Wriothesley, | Russell, 29 | Zenta, | Eugene (Prince) |
| White King, | Frederick V. | Wulfila, | Ulphilas | Zerdusht, | Zoroaster |
| White Lily, | Secret Societies | Wyllie, James, | Draughts | Ziani, | Venice, 453 |
| White Mould, | Fungi | Wyon, | Medal | Zimme, | Shans |
| White Mountain, | Kenia (Mount) | Xalapa, | Xalapa | Zincography, Lithography, Photography | |
| White Pine, | Timber | Xanthophyll, | Chlorophyll | Zingari, | Gypsies |
| White Precipitate, | Mercury | Xenien, | Goethe | Zonites, | Snail |
| White Rainbow, | Anthelia | Zostera, | Aquatic Plants |
22501632070
Bay 181
CHAMBERS'S
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
CHAMBERS'S
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
A DICTIONARY
OF
UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE
NEW EDITION
VOL. I
A TO BEAUFORT
WILLIAM & ROBERT CHAMBERS, LIMITED
LONDON AND EDINBURGH
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, PHILADELPHIA
1901
All Rights reserved
Q-REF
YK / CHA
The following Articles in this Volume are Copyrighted by J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY in the United States of America :
ADAMS, JOHN.
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY.
AGASSIZ.
ALABAMA.
ALASKA.
ALBANY.
ALEUTIAN ISLANDS.
AMAZON.
AMERICA.
AMERICAN INDIANS.
ANDES.
ANDRÉ, JOHN.
APPALACHIANS.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.
ARIZONA.
ARKANSAS.
ARNOLD, BENEDICT.
ATHENS.
ATLANTA.
AUDUBON, J. J.
BALTIMORE.
BANCROFT, GEORGE.
BASE-BALL.
P R E F A C E.
SOME encyclopædias have sprung at one Minerva-birth from a single master-mind; some, like the French Encyclopédie, have occupied the best wits of a nation for more than twenty years. More than one has been written entirely in verse that it might the more easily be committed to memory. One was, by its scope and arrangement, expressly designed to render all libraries thereafter superfluous; but its author, Jean de Magnon, dramatist and friend of Molière, who renounced the theatre in order to write for the glory of God, was interrupted in his pious and truly encyclopædic labours by the dagger of an assassin. The monumental Allgemeine Encyclopädie of Ersch and Gruber was begun in 1818, and three generations later had reached only its 167th volume. Some encyclopædias are really a mere series of independent and lengthy treatises; some are little more than dictionaries of terms. And some, endeavouring doubtless to combine the advantages of all types, are cumbrous, disproportionate, and inconvenient for consultation.
Amongst the multitudinous works of the kind, CHAMBERS'S ENCYCLOPÆDIA holds a recognised place of its own. It strives to be at once comprehensive, compact, accurate, lucid, readable, and handy for reference. The larger themes are broken up into many articles; but provision is throughout made for securing a systematic conspectus of the whole subject. Thus the article GEOLOGY gives a history of the science, and plans out the whole field, naming the various subdivisions; while a list appended shows the sections which are treated in greater detail in separate articles. The reader in search of information on single items, such as Plesiosaurus, Boulder Clay, Denudation, Caves, Pitch-stone, Drift, Greensand, Mammoth, Coprolites, Dykes, Trilobites, Pterodactyl, the Antiquity of Man, will not have to hunt for these hidden in a trackless wilderness of continuous dissertation, but will find them each under its several head. An Index at the end of the Tenth Volume indicates what articles deal briefly with names and facts not of sufficient importance for separate treatment.
It is not true, as has been sometimes alleged, that all the information to be got from an encyclopædia is 'scrappy.' A real encyclopædia is a very carefully organised whole, the proportion and interdependence of facts and parts being painfully kept in view. Rather, the articles are a précis of well-digested information, all superfluities being of necessity excluded, and the salient features brought out into higher relief. A short biographical article by a master may, for many purposes, be even more instructive than a work by the same hand in several volumes. Pascal, it will be remembered, apologised for one of the longer Provincial Letters, that he had not had time to make it shorter—most justly implying that the shorter, if it have breadth, clearness, and definiteness, is, or may be, better and more effective than the longer and more copious. Good gear may unquestionably be put up in very small bundles. Many of the articles in the present work have been painstakingly and conscientiously reduced by their authors to a third of the bulk they originally occupied—most frequently to the positive advantage, and not to the injury, of the little discourse—the essentials, and the essentials only, being presented to the reader.
Nor are the articles in this work all so very short as they are often assumed to be: one of our double-columned pages is equal, in the number of lines and words, to at least four well-sized demy 8vo pages. The ten volumes comprise 8284 large pages. Therefore the amount of printed matter in them is equal to forty volumes demy 8vo, each of 828 pages; or to a library of eighty volumes demy 8vo, each with the respectable number of
PREFACE.
414 pages. So that an article of ten pages—and there are many articles of ten pages in our work—is equal to one of forty or fifty pages in a treatise.
The first edition was issued between 1859 and 1868, and revised reprints, from the original plates corrected, were repeatedly thrown off. But the Publishers recognised that in twenty years much had happened to demand a completely different treatment of many themes. New subjects of interest had emerged: many had become of greater importance: while not a few had lost their claim to prominence. A new edition was resolved on, and what was virtually a new work was issued in 1888-92. The bulk of the articles were entirely re-written: the more important were, as may be seen by the lists prefixed to the several volumes, entrusted to eminent specialists; and no one was asked to write or revise any article who was not believed to have some peculiar competence for the business. By rigid economy of space, room was found for thousands of entries not comprised in the old edition, and for greatly extending many of the articles on notable subjects. Colonial matters received fuller treatment. The chief articles on American matters were written by Americans, and copyrighted in the United States, where an authorised edition is published by the Messrs LIPPINCOTT, of Philadelphia. An editorial note prefixed to the Tenth Volume discusses some other features of the work, and gives the names of the editorial staff and others associated with its production.
Since the completion of the new edition, all the sheets have been reprinted; but in no case has any of them been reprinted without scrupulous revision, all new facts and figures that had become available being carefully incorporated by alterations on the electrotype plates. Thus, in hundreds of biographies of persons living when the new edition was published, the lapse of years has furnished the melancholy opportunity for inserting an obituary addendum. New census figures and new statistics have been introduced in thousands of cases: and space has been found even for a certain number of new articles. For obvious reasons, Argon could not appear in the earlier issue of the first volume, nor Röntgen Rays in the seventh; in 1890 Dreyfus had not even incurred the suspicions that gave him his unfortunate claim to an article; the wealth of Klondike had not been dreamt of; when the new edition began to be issued, Acetylene, Cordite, and Lyddite were unfamiliar words; and neither Kipling, nor Barrie, nor Crockett, nor Hall Caine, nor D'Annunzio, nor Mascagni, nor Maeterlinck, nor Nansen, nor Nietzsche, nor Sienkiewicz had attained encyclopædic rank. These and a multitude of other persons and matters have now received their meed of recognition here; this issue at the commencement of the new century is, therefore, a revised and in many ways improved reissue of the new edition.
DAVID PATRICK.
EDINBURGH, January 1901.
Among the more important articles in this Volume are the following:
| A..... | Canon ISAAC TAYLOR. |
| ABERDEEN..... | W. ALEXANDER, LL.D. |
| ABYSSINIA..... | R. W. FELKIN, M.D. |
| ACCLIMATISATION..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| ADAM AND EVE..... | THOMAS DAVIDSON. |
| ADAMS, JOHN..... | WILLIAM JACOBS. |
| ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY. | J. THOMAS, M.D., LL.D. |
| ADDISON..... | Prof. W. J. COURTHOPE. |
| ADULTERATION..... | J. FALCONER KING, F.C.S. |
| ADVERTISING..... | ROBERT COCHRANE. |
| ÆSCHYLUS..... | Professor J. MAHAFY. |
| AFGHANISTAN..... | E. DELMAR MORGAN. |
| AFRICA..... | Professor A. H. KEANE. |
| AGNOSTICISM..... | Rev. Prof. M'LELLAN. |
| AGRICULTURE..... | JAMES MACDONALD, F.R.S.E. |
| ALABAMA..... | WILLIAM S. WALSH. |
| ALASKA..... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| ALBERT NYANZA..... | R. W. FELKIN, M.D. |
| ALCOHOL..... | W. INGLIS CLARK, D.Sc. |
| ALCOHOLISM..... | GEORGE GIBSON, M.D. |
| ALGÆ..... | Professor GEDDES. |
| ALKALOIDS..... | W. INGLIS CLARK, D.Sc. |
| ALLOTROPY..... | LEONARD DOBBIN, Ph.D. |
| ALPHABET..... | Canon ISAAC TAYLOR. |
| ALPINE CLUB..... | CLINTON DENT. |
| ALPS..... | Professor JAMES GEIKIE. |
| ALTAI..... | Prince PETER KROPOTKINE. |
| AMAZON..... | H. C. WALSH. |
| AMERICA..... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| AMERICAN INDIANS.... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| AMERICANISMS..... | GRANT ALLEN. |
| AMCEBA..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| ANESTHESIA..... | ARTHUR W. HARE, M.B. |
| ANALYSIS..... | W. INGLIS CLARK, D.Sc. |
| ANALYSIS, ORGANIC... | LEONARD DOBBIN, Ph.D. |
| ANARCHISM..... | THOMAS KIRKUP. |
| ANATOMY..... | DAVID HEPBURN, M.D. |
| ANCHOR..... | DAVID POLLOCK. |
| ANDES..... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| ANDRÉ..... | Prof. JOHN P. LAMBERTON. |
| ANGLING..... | W. SENIOR ('Redspinner'). |
| ANIMISM..... | THOMAS DAVIDSON. |
| ANNUITY..... | JAMES SORLEY, C.A. |
| ANT..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| ANTARCTIC OCEAN..... | SIR JOHN MURRAY, K.C.B. |
| ANTHRAX..... | R. A. LUNDIE, M.D. |
| ANTHROPOLOGY..... | GRANT ALLEN. |
| APHASIA..... | GEORGE GIBSON, M.D. |
| APOLOGETICS..... | Rev. Prof. M'LELLAN. |
| APPALACHIANS..... | Prof. JOHN P. LAMBERTON. |
| APPARITIONS..... | S. BARING-GOULD. |
| AQUATIC ANIMALS..... | Professor GEDDES. |
| AQUATIC PLANTS..... | Professor GEDDES. |
| AQUINAS..... | T. G. LAW, LL.D. |
| ARABIA..... | Rev. JOHN MILNE. |
| ARBITRATION..... | THOMAS RALEIGH. |
| ARBORICULTURE..... | HUGH CLEGHORN, M.D., LL.D. |
| ARCHÆOLOGY..... | JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D. |
| ARCHERY..... | Sir J. BALFOUR PAUL. |
| ARCHITECTURE..... | ALEXANDER GALLETLY. |
| ARCHPRIEST..... | T. G. LAW, LL.D. |
| ARCTIC OCEAN..... | Sir JOHN MURRAY, K.C.B. |
| ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. | Señor Don V. G. QUESADA. |
| ARGON..... | LEONARD DOBBIN, Ph.D. |
| ARISTOPHANES..... | Rev. H. A. HOLDEN, LL.D. |
| ARISTOTLE..... | Professor DAVID G. RITCHIE. |
| ARIZONA..... | Rev. J. N. RAWLINOS. |
| ARKANSAS..... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| ARMENIA..... | CHARLES NISBET. |
| ARMOUR..... | JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D. |
| ARMY..... | Lieut.-Col. DUNLOP, R.A. |
| ARREST..... | THOMAS RALEIGH. |
| ART..... | Sir W. M. CONWAY. |
| ARTERY..... | DAVID HEPBURN, M.D. |
| ARTHUR..... | S. BARING-GOULD. |
| ARTICLES, THE XXXIX.. | Rev. J. G. CAZENOVE, D.D. |
| ARTIFICIAL LIMBS..... | A. W. HARE, M.B. |
| ASCIDIANS..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| ASIA..... | Prince PETER KROPOTKINE. |
| ASSAYING..... | EDWARD RIOG, Royal Mint. |
| ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS | Professor BAIN. |
| ASSYRIA..... | W. St CHAD BOSCAWEN. |
| ASTROLOGY..... | EDWARD B. KIRK. |
| ASTRONOMY..... | EDWARD B. KIRK. |
| ATHANASIAN CREED... | Rev. J. G. CAZENOVE, D.D. |
| ATHENS..... | MARTIN L. D'OOGIE. |
| ATHLETICS..... | H. H. GRIFFIN. |
| ATLANTIC OCEAN..... | SIR JOHN MURRAY, K.C.B. |
| ATMOSPHERE..... | ALEX. BUCHAN, LL.D. |
| ATOM..... | Professor TAIT. |
| ATOMIC THEORY..... | LEONARD DOBBIN, Ph.D. |
| ATONEMENT..... | Rev. W. PULSFORD, D.D. |
| AUDUBON..... | CHARLES MORRIS. |
| AURORA..... | ALEXANDER BUCHAN, LL.D. |
| AUSTRALIA..... | J. O'HALLORAN. |
| AUSTRIA..... | W. DUNDAS WALKER. |
| BABYLONIA..... | W. St CHAD BOSCAWEN. |
| BACH..... | J. FULLER MAITLAND. |
| BACON..... | SIDNEY LEE. |
| BACTERIA..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| BAGEHOT..... | THOMAS KIRKUP. |
| BALKAN PENINSULA... | A. SILVA WHITE. |
| BALLAD..... | THOMAS DAVIDSON. |
| BALLET..... | R. W. LOWE. |
| BALLOON..... | ALEXANDER GALLETLY. |
| BALLOT..... | THOMAS KIRKUP. |
| BALTIMORE..... | CHARLES W. GREENE, M.D. |
| BALZAC..... | WALTER WHYTE. |
| BANCROFT..... | A. K. M'CLURE, LL.D. |
| BAND, MILITARY..... | J. R. PAIRMAN. |
| BANDAGES..... | A. W. HARE, M.B. |
| BANKING..... | Revised by A. W. KERR. |
| BANKRUPTCY..... | WILLIAM C. SMITH. |
| BAPTISTS..... | Rev. J. M'LELLAN. |
| BARK, BAST..... | Professor GEDDES. |
| BARON, BARONET..... | GEORGE BURNETT, LL.D. |
| BARRISTER..... | THOMAS RALEIGH. |
| BARROW..... | JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D. |
| BASE-BALL..... | HENRY CHADWICK. |
| BASQUES..... | THOMAS DAVIDSON. |
| BAT..... | J. ARTHUR THOMSON. |
| BATH..... | T. DUDDINGSTONE WILSON, M.D. |
| BAXTER..... | Rev. JAMES INGLIS. |
| BAYEUX TAPESTRY..... | J. R. PAIRMAN. |
| BEACON..... | Messrs D. & T. STEVENSON. |
| BEACONSFIELD..... | FRANCIS HINDES GROOME. |
| BEAST FABLES..... | THOMAS DAVIDSON. |
The publishers further beg to tender their thanks to Professor CRUM BROWN for revising the articles 'Alchemy' and 'Atomic Theory'; to Professor E. B. TAYLOR for revising 'Animal Worship' and 'Animism'; to Professor MAX MÜLLER for revising 'Aryans,' 'Beast Fables,' and 'Barlaam and Josaphat'; to Mr MASKELYNE for revising 'Automaton'; to Professor CHILD and Mr ANDREW LANG for revising 'Ballad'; and to Prince LUCIEN BONAPARTE, Mr VAN EYS, and M. VINSON for revising 'Basques.'
MAPS AND PLATES IN THE TEN VOLUMES.
| VOL. I. | PAGE | VOL. VI. | PAGE |
|---|---|---|---|
| AFRICA..... | INDIA..... | 98 | |
| Political..... | 80 | IRELAND ..... | 198 |
| Physical..... | 81 | ITALY..... | 240 |
| AMERICA, NORTH... | ITALIA ANTIQUA..... | 241 | |
| Political..... | 216 | ||
| Physical..... | 217 | ||
| AMERICA, SOUTH... | |||
| Political..... | 224 | ||
| Physical..... | 225 | ||
| ASIA..... | |||
| Political..... | 488 | ||
| Physical..... | 489 | ||
| ATLANTIC OCEAN... | |||
| Physical..... | 544 | ||
| AUSTRALIA..... | |||
| Political..... | 588 | ||
| Physical..... | 589 | ||
| AUSTRO-HUNGARY ..... | 596 | ||
| VOL. II. | VOL. VII. | ||
| BELGIUM..... | 48 | NEW SOUTH WALES..... | 472 |
| BURMA, SIAM, ANNAM..... | 562 | NEW ZEALAND..... | 488 |
| CANADA—EASTERN PROVINCES..... | 688 | PALESTINE..... | 712 |
| CANADA, DOMINION OF..... | 689 | ||
| CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA..... | 732 | ||
| VOL. III. | VOL. VIII. | ||
| CHINA ..... | 184 | QUEENSLAND..... | 528 |
| DENMARK..... | 756 | ROMAN EMPIRE..... | 792 |
| VOL. IV. | VOL. IX. | ||
| ENGLAND .... | 345 | RUSSIA..... | 32 |
| EUROPE—Political..... | 464 | SCOTLAND..... | 237 |
| Physical..... | 465 | SOUTH AUSTRALIA (WITH TASMANIA)..... | 589 |
| Historical..... | 466 | SPAIN..... | 597 |
| FLAGS..... | 663 | SPECTRA, TABLE OF..... | 617 |
| FRANCE—PROVINCES ..... | 768 | ||
| DEPARTMENTS..... | 769 | ||
| VOL. V. | VOL. X. | ||
| GERMANY..... | 176 | SWEDEN..... | 5 |
| GREAT BRITAIN—Geological..... | 372 | SWITZERLAND..... | 21 |
| Physical..... | 373 | TURKEY IN EUROPE..... | 329 |
| GREECE, ANCIENT..... | 384 | UNITED STATES—I..... | 371 |
| HOLLAND..... | 738 | UNITED STATES—II..... | 371 |
| VICTORIA ..... | 472 | ||
| WEST INDIA ISLANDS..... | 614 | ||
| WORLD ..... | Frontispiece. |
CHAMBERS'S
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
A DICTIONARY OF UNIVERSAL KNOWLEDGE
is the first letter in our alphabet, and the corresponding symbol also stands first in many other alphabets derived from the Phœnician: the chief exceptions being the Ethiopic, in which it occupies the thirteenth place; the Runic, in which it has been lost and replaced by a sign obtained from E; and the numerous alphabets of India and the Trans-Gangetic peninsula, which have been rearranged on phonological principles.
The form of the letter has undergone curious transmutations in the various alphabets into which it has passed during its long history. It originated, as De Rougé has shown, at least 6000 years ago in the hieroglyphic picture of an eagle, called ahom in the old Egyptian language, which was used to express the neutral vowel-sound. In the cursive hieratic form, which preserved hardly any resemblance to the picture of the eagle, the sign was borrowed by the Phœnicians, and was renamed by them, aleph, the 'ox,' from a fancied resemblance to the head and horns of that animal. That the Greeks at some very early period, probably not long after the time of Solomon, learned the art of writing from Phœnician traders, is proved by the fact that they denoted this letter by a name meaningless in their own language—alpha, which has been handed down to us in the word alpha-bet. Our own capital A is practically identical with the Greek and Roman lapidary form, and has preserved more closely than other alphabets the primitive Phœnician outline which is found in inscriptions of the 9th century B.C. In the square Hebrew the letter aleph retains the three strokes of our A, but in different positions; while in the Arabic and Syriac letter alif only one stroke has been preserved. (These forms are shown in the tables given at the article ALPHABET.) The Roman cursive form has lost only the cross bar. In the Greek and Latin uncial A became a, which was the parent-form of our own Italic and script a, and of the Greek minuscule a; while in the Caroline minuscule (used chiefly for books), in order to avoid confusion with d, the head of the letter was bent round, giving the form a, which, being copied from the best manuscripts by the early printers at Rome, has survived in the so-called 'Roman' type now ordinarily used in our printed books. We thus use three forms of the letter of very different dates—the Capital, the Italic, and the Roman. We also use a fourth form, the black-letter a, which arose in the north of Europe out of the Caroline a, the curved top being further bent round so as to form a second complete loop. On the other hand, in the Irish semi-uncial the loop of a was opened out at the top, giving the form u, which finally developed into the German capital U.
The sound represented by this symbol has varied almost as much as its form. In the Phœnician, Hebrew, Arabic, and other Semitic alphabets, it did not denote a vowel, but a faint guttural breath, such as is heard after the words No! or Bah! pronounced abruptly, or between the first two vowels of a'orta. The Greeks, not requiring a symbol for this sound, and needing signs for the vowels which are not written in the Semitic languages, made use of the Phœnician letter to express the primary vowel-sound, the a in father. This is called the Italian or continental a, and is the sound which the letter usually has in Greek, Latin, and all the modern European languages except English, in which it is comparatively rare. It is the purest and fullest vowel-sound, and is produced by the whole air-passage being kept as open as possible, instead of being more or less contracted, as in the case of the other vowels, by the tongue or the lips. Many eminent philologists believe that in primitive speech it was the only vowel-sound—all the rest having been obtained from it. This, of course, is only a speculation; but at all events it can be shown historically that there are words in which this sound has passed into those of the other vowels, by one of two channels, either by a passing into e, and e into i; or, on the other hand, by a passing into o, and o into u. The primitive nature of this sound is also indicated by its predominance in the oldest languages, and by the fact that it is the vowel which a child learns first and most easily to pronounce, as is shown by its occurrence in so many 'nursery words,' such as ta-ta, dada, nana, papa, mana. In the speech of our Anglo-Saxon forefathers, a had two sounds—the long a in father, and the short a in man. The first is now usually replaced by o + e, oe, oa, or ou, as in stone, toe, hoar, and ought, which in Anglo-Saxon were written stán, tá, hár, áhte. The short a is sometimes retained, as in cat; or is replaced by o, a + e, or o + e, as in the words comb, ape, bone.
In modern English, the letter a has six distinct sounds. Of these, the continental a in father is the least usual in the speech of educated persons, but has been more frequently preserved in some northern dialects. The short a, in which the tongue is thrust forward instead of being kept back as far as possible, is the most common, as in the words man, hat, wag, land, dagger. The name-sound ae, which is the Italian e, is usually denoted by the help of a postscript e, as in the words make, pane, fate, tale, ale. In fare and ware the same notation expresses the diphthong, which is denoted by ai or ea in fair and swear. The diphthongal sound aw is sometimes denoted by a reduplication of the following consonant, as in the words all, tall. Lastly (as in the words among, about, final), a, like all the other vowels, occasionally drops into the neutral or fundamental vowel, the sound which slips most easily out of the mouth without conscious effort, and has thus at last reverted to the original sound of the Egyptian hieroglyph of the eagle, from which it started in the long history of some sixty centuries through which it has now been traced.
See the articles ALPHABET, LETTERS, VOICE, WRITING. For special uses of the letter A, see MUSIC, SCALE; ABBREVIATIONS; DOMINICAL LETTER; and for AI, see LLOYD'S. In Biblical criticism A is used to indicate the Codex Alexandrinus (see ALEXANDRIA; CLEMENT).