Caillaud, FRÉDÉRIC

Caillaud, FRÉDÉRIC, a French traveller, born at Nantes, 9th June 1787, became a goldsmith and travelled over Europe, and in 1815 to Alexandria. In examining the mineral resources of Egypt, he rediscovered the ancient emerald mines of Jebel Zobara, near the Red Sea; and his report of a journey to Siwah (see OASES) led to its annexation by Egypt in 1820. In 1821-22 he accompanied Ibrahim Pasha's expedition to the White Nile, and his Voyage à Meroé (4 vols. Paris, 1823-26) contained the first reliable information of that district. In 1827 he settled as conservator of the Natural History Museum at Nantes, where he died, 1st May 1869. He published a Voyage à Syouah and two volumes of researches on the life of the ancient Egyptians, Nubians, and Ethiopians.