Carlsruhe, or KARLSRUHE, the capital of the grand-duchy of Baden, is situated 5 miles east of the Rhine, and 39 WNW. of Stuttgart, 34 SSW. of
Heidelberg. Founded in 1715, and built in the form of a fan, with thirty-two streets radiating from the palace, it has a number of fine buildings—the palace itself (1751–76), the parliament-house (1845), the theatre (1853), the town-hall (1821), the museum (1852), with the ducal library of 150,000 vols. Before the palace stands a bronze statue of the city's founder, the Margrave Charles William; and in the market-place is a stone pyramid inclosing his remains. The manufactures include machines of various sorts, engines, locomotives, railway carriages and wagons, jewelry, carpets, chemical products, and cloth. Pop. (1875) 42,895; (1890) 73,684.