Dufferin and Ava, FREDERICK TEMPLE HAMILTON TEMPLE BLACKWOOD, MARQUIS OF, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., the son of the fourth Baron Dufferin, was born on June 21, 1826, and succeeded his father in the peerage in 1841. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, he first distinguished himself by contributions to literature, and published the popular Letters from High Latitudes in 1859. In 1860 he was sent by Lord Palmerston to Syria, to investigate the questions arising from the religious massacres, and on his return was created K.C.B. Lord Dufferin was successively Under-secretary for India (1864–66), and for War (1866). He was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster from 1868 to 1872; in 1871 was created an earl; and was Governor-general of Canada (1872–78). His brilliant administration was remarkable for the wonderful development of the province of Manitoba. From 1879 to 1881 Lord
Dufferin was ambassador at St Petersburg, whence he was transferred to Constantinople. After the collapse of Arabi's rebellion, Lord Dufferin went to Cairo to restore order in Egypt. To him was due the abolition of the Dual Control. In 1884 he succeeded Lord Ripon as Viceroy of India. His tenure of office was made memorable by measures for strengthening the Indian frontier; by the various attempts to delimit the Afghan frontier, which, though interrupted by the Russian attack on Pendeh, were brought to a successful issue by the Anglo-Russian commission; and, above all, by the annexation of Upper Burmah in Dec. 1885. That province had been reduced to submission, and the Tibetans had been defeated by the Sikkim expeditions, when Lord Dufferin resigned in 1888. He became ambassador at Rome, marquis (1888), and ambassador to France (1891-96).—His eldest son, ARCHIBALD, EARL OF AVA (1863-1900), fell in the Transvaal war.—His mother, Helen Selina Sheridan (1807-67), was the author of 'The Emigrant's Farewell,' 'O Bay of Dublin,' and other touching songs. See Memoir by her son prefixed to her Songs, Poems, and Verses (1894).