Geikie, SIR ARCHIBALD

Geikie, SIR ARCHIBALD, geologist, born at Edinburgh in 1835, and educated at the High School and university. In 1855 he was appointed to the Geological Survey; in 1867 became director to the Survey in Scotland; from 1870 to 1881 was Murchison Professor of Geology in Edinburgh University; and in 1881 was appointed director-general to the Survey of the United Kingdom, being at the same time placed at the head of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. He is the author of Story of a Boulder (1858); Phenomena of the Glacial Drift of Scotland (1863); The Scenery of Scotland viewed in connection with its Physical Geology (1865; 2d ed. 1887); Memoir of Sir R. Murchison (1874); a Text-book of Geology (1882); The Ancient Volcanoes of Great Britain (1897); The Founders of Geology (1897); besides numerous class-books, primers, &c. on geology. He was knighted in 1891.—His brother JAMES was born at Edinburgh in 1839, and educated there. Having served on the Geological Survey of Scotland from 1861 to 1882, he succeeded Archibald as Murchison Professor of Geology in Edinburgh University. He is the author of The Great Ice Age in its Relation to the Antiquity of Man (1874; 3d ed. 1894); Prehistoric Europe (1881); Outlines of Geology (1886; 2d ed. 1888); a translation of Songs and Lyrics by H. Heine and other German Poets (1887); besides a large number of geological maps, sections, and memoirs published by the Geological Survey; and he has written the geological articles for the present edition of this work. He became F.R.S.E., 1871; F.R.S., 1875; LL.D. (St Andrews), 1877; D.C.L. (Durham), 1889; and is a Fellow of many learned societies at home and abroad.