Granville

Granville, ANTOINE PERRENOT DE, Cardinal and statesman (whose name out of France was subsequently spelt Granvella), was born in 1517 at Ornans in Burgundy. He studied law at Padua, and theology at Louvain. A canon for a short time at Besancon, he was in 1540 appointed Bishop of Arras. His father now chancellor of the empire under Charles V., he was entrusted with many diplomatic missions, which he discharged with marked ability. Succeeding his father in the chancellorship in 1550, he accompanied Charles V. in the flight from Innsbruck, and framed the treaty of Passau, 1552. On the abdication of Charles in 1555 he transferred his services to Philip II. In 1559 he was appointed prime-minister to Margaret of Parma in the Netherlands. In 1560 he was created Archbishop of Malines, and next year was made cardinal. Such, however, was the hostility which his policy of repression provoked in the Low Countries that at the king's advice he retired in 1564 to Franche Comté. After six years of comparative quiet he in 1570 represented Spain at Rome in drawing up a treaty of alliance with Venice and the papal see against the Turks. For five years (1570-75) he successfully held the office of viceroy of Naples. He died at Madrid in 1586.