Heeren, ARNOLD HERMANN LUDWIG

Heeren, ARNOLD HERMANN LUDWIG, German historian, was born 25th October 1760, at Arbergen, near Bremen. He first made himself known by an edition of Menander's De Encomiis (1785), and in 1787 was appointed professor of Philosophy, and in 1801 professor of History, at Göttingen. He married in 1797 a daughter of Heyne, and died 7th March 1842. The striking feature about his teaching and writing was that he studied the peoples of classic antiquity from the modern standpoint, as the title of his principal work shows—Idcen über Politik, den Verkehr und den Handel der vornehmsten Völker der alten Welt (1793-96; 4th ed. 1824-26; Eng. trans. 1833). Besides this he wrote Geschichte des Studiums der classischen Literatur seit dem Wiederaufleben der Wissenschaften (2 vols. 1797-1802), Geschichte der Staaten des Alterthums (1799; 5th ed. 1828; Eng. trans. 1840), and Geschichte des europäischen Staatensystems und seiner Colonien (1800; 5th ed. 1830; Eng. trans. 1834), which abounded in new views and acute expositions. His Untersuchungen über die Kreuzzüge won a prize offered by the National Institute of France. His Kleine historische Schriften (3 vols. 1803-8) contain some very interesting treatises and a biography of Heyne. In 1821-26 he published an edition of all his historical works in 15 vols.