Jumna

Jumna, or JAMUNA, the principal feeder of the Ganges, has its course wholly in Hindustan. Its source, at a height of 10,849 feet above the sea, is in 31° 3' N. lat. and 78° 30' E. long., 5 miles N. of Jannotri. After a southerly course of 95 miles it breaks into the plains from the Siwalik Hills at an altitude of only 1276 feet. It continues to flow south as far as Hamirpur, beyond Agra, and then turns to the east, finally joining the Ganges from the right 3 miles below Allahabad, after a total course of 860 miles. As a rule its banks are high and craggy. Many tributaries add their waters to swell its current. Area of the drainage basin, 118,000 sq. m. The towns of Delhi, Agra, Firozabad, Etāwah, and Allahabad stand on its banks. From each bank of the river, where it emerges from the Siwalik Hills, a canal has been constructed for irrigation purposes—the Eastern Jumna Canal (1823–30), on the left bank, 160 miles, and the Western (1817–25), 433 miles.