Lockyer, SIR JOSEPH NORMAN, K.C.B. (since 1897), was born at Rugby on 17th May 1836, and in 1857 became a clerk in the War Office, being subsequently transferred to the Science and Art Department. In 1869 he was elected an F.R.S., and in 1870 was appointed secretary to the Royal Commission on Scientific Instruction, made lecturer on Astronomy at the Normal School of Science at South Kensington, and sent out to Sicily as head of the eclipse expedition. In the following year he headed a similar expedition to India and was elected Rede lecturer at Cambridge. He had already in 1866 discovered a new method of observing the sun; and in 1874 he gained the Rumford medal of the Royal Society, and was appointed editor of Nature. He is an able popular lecturer on astronomical physics, and has written Elementary Lessons in
Astronomy (1868), Studies in Spectrum Analysis (1878), Contributions to Solar Physics (1873), The Spectroscope and its Applications (1873), a primer on Astronomy (1875), Star-Gazing (1878), and Chemistry of the Sun (1887). In 1888 he was Bakerian lecturer.