Mack, KARL, FREIHERR VON, Austrian general, was born at Nennslingen, in Franconia, on 24th August 1752, entered the military service of Austria in 1770, and, after fighting in the Turkish war and against the French republican armies, was in 1797 created field-marshial. Having, after the peace of Campo Formio, been appointed by the king of Naples to the command of his troops, he took the field against the French, and occupied Rome; but he was unable to retain his hold of the city. A riot in the city of Naples, caused by his having concluded an armistice with the French, compelled him to seek safety in the enemy's camp. He was thereupon carried prisoner to Paris, but escaped in 1800. Five years later the emperor put him at the head of 80,000 men, and sent him to check the
French advance along the line of the Iller. But the enemy outmanœuvred him, and shut him up in Ulm, and on 17th October Mack capitulated with his army. He was tried by court-martial and condemned to death, but the sentence was commuted by the emperor to expulsion from the army and twenty years' imprisonment. In 1808 Mack was liberated, and in 1819 fully pardoned. He died 22d October 1822. His defence was published in Ranmer's Historisches Taschenbuch (1873).