Malpighi

Malpighi, MARCELLO, an Italian anatomist, was born at Crevalore, near Bologna, on 10th March 1628, and died at Rome on 29th November 1694. He held, at different periods of his life, the professorship of Medicine in Pisa (1656-60), Messina (1662-66), and Bologna (1666-91). In 1691 he was appointed chief physician to Pope Innocent XII. Like his contemporary Leeuwenhoek, he was a pioneer in the study of minute anatomy with the microscope, and is chiefly known for his discoveries in connection with capillary circulation and in the anatomy of the skin, the kidney, and the spleen (see KIDNEYS). Amongst his works may be mentioned Epistolæ Anatomicæ (1662), De Structurâ Viscerum (1669), De Pulmonibus (1661), De Structurâ Glandularum Conglobatarum (1689), and Anatomia Plantarum (1675-79). See the bicentenary monograph by Atti, Virchow, Haeckel, Todaro, Michelis, and others (Milan, 1898).