Manning, HENRY EDWARD, a cardinal of the Catholic Church, was born 15th July 1808, at Totteridge in Hertfordshire, was educated at Harrow and Balliol College, Oxford, and, after taking a double first in 1830, was made a Fellow of Merton. He soon came to the front as an eloquent preacher and as a leader of the Tractarian party. In 1834 he was appointed to a country rectory in Sussex, and married a lady whose sisters were the wives of Samuel and Henry Wilberforce. Mrs Manning died after a few months of married life. In 1840 her husband became Archdeacon of Chichester. But in 1851, deeply moved by the final decision in the 'Gorham Case' (q.v.), he left the Church of England and joined the Church of Rome. His advancement in that communion was rapid from the first; having been ordained priest, he studied for some years in Rome, and in 1857 he founded the congregation of the Oblates of St Charles Borromeo at Bayswater, London. He was made provost of Westminster, and in 1865, on the death of Cardinal Wiseman, was promoted to be Archbishop of Westminster. At the Ecumenical Council of
1870, Manning was one of the most zealous supporters and promoters of the infallibility dogma; and, named cardinal in 1875, he continued an influential leader of the Ultramontane section of the church. Besides being the foremost spirit in most Catholic movements in England, he took part in many non-sectarian good works designed to better the social life of the people, such as the temperance movement; and he was a member of the Royal Commissions on the Housing of the Poor (1885) and on Education (1886). Before his secession to Rome, he published several volumes of powerful sermons; his subsequent writings were mainly polemical. He revised a number of articles in this work. A devout prelate, a churchly statesman, and a practical reformer, he died 14th January 1892. The Life by E. S. Purcell (2 vols. 1896) was considered hardly fair to his memory, and provoked controversy. A short Life by A. W. Hutton had appeared in 1892. Manning wrote on infallibility, the Vatican Council, Ultramontanism, the Four Great Evils of the Day (2d ed. 1871), Internal Mission of the Holy Ghost (1875), The Catholic Church and Modern Society (1880), Eternal Priesthood (1883), Characteristics (ed. by W. S. Lilly, 1885), &c.