Pampeluna

Pampeluna, or PAMPLONA, a fortified city of northern Spain, stands on a tributary of the Ebro, 111 miles by rail NW. of Zaragoza (Saragossa) and 50 S. by W. of Bayonne in France. It has a citadel (a copy of that of Antwerp), a Gothic cath- edral (1397), a viceregal palace, a fine aqueduct, and some manufactures. It was called by the ancients Pompeipolis, because built by Pompey in 68 B.C. It was taken by the Goths in 466, by the Franks in 542, and by Charlemagne in 778. From 907 it was the capital of Navarre. The town was seized by the French in 1808, but captured by Wellington in 1813. It again capitulated to the French in 1823. In the Carlist wars it was held by Queen Christina's adherents from 1836 to 1840, and in 1873-76 it was vainly attacked several times by the Carlists. Pop. 25,630.