Pedro I.

Pedro I., emperor of Brazil (1798–1822), second son of John VI. of Portugal, fled to Brazil with his parents on Napoleon's invasion of Portugal, and became prince-regent of Brazil on his father's return to Portugal. For the proclamation of Brazilian independence and subsequent history, see BRAZIL.—Pedro II., his son, born 2d December 1825, became king in 1831 on his father's abdication, was declared of age in 1840, and, distinguished by his love of learning and simple scholarly tastes, reigned over Brazil in peace until the sudden revolution of November 15, 1889, compelled him to withdraw to Europe, where he lived, mainly in France, Brazil becoming a republic under the name of 'United States of Brazil.' He died at Paris, 5th December 1891. See Life by Mossé (1889).