Revenue. The public revenue of the civilised states of the world is in every case treated of in the articles on the several countries in the section dealing with finance; thus, the various elements of the British revenue at different periods, as compared with the expenditure, is somewhat fully given at GREAT BRITAIN, Vol. V. p. 376. The inland revenue is distinguished from the Customs Duties (q.v.), and includes (1) the Excise (q.v.), comprising alcohol duty, liquor and luxury licenses; (2) Stamps, with the 'death duties'—probate, account, legacy, and succession duty; (3) Taxes—property and income tax, land-tax, inhabited house duty (see TAXES). The right of the Commons to regulate taxation and the outlay of the national income is treated at PARLIAMENT, Vol. VII. p. 774. Below is a comparative table of the gross revenue of the principal civilised states for the years 1889 or 1890:
| France..... | £123,424,000 | United States..... | £80,616,000 |
| Russia..... | 94,787,000 | Italy..... | 65,405,000 |
| Great Britain..... | 89,304,300 | German Empire.... | 62,692,000 |
| Austria-Hungary.. | 87,581,000 | Spain..... | 31,886,000 |
The revenue of Canada is £7,970,000; Cape Colony, £4,340,000; New South Wales, £9,063,397; Victoria, £8,676,081; British India, £56,166,000. In 1895-96 the revenue of Great Britain exceeded £100,000,000; in 1897-98 it was £106,614,000, besides £8,000,000 from local taxation; and with that of all the dependencies was well over £200,000,000.—For Revenue Officers, see COASTGUARD.