Salzburg

Salzburg, a crown-land of Austria, bounded on the W. by Bavaria and the Tyrol, on the S. by Carinthia, and on the E. by Styria. Area, 2762 sq. m.; pop. (1880) 163,570; (1890) 173,510. It lies on the northern face of the eastern Alps, and is a mountainous region, reaching altitudes of 12,000 feet in the Hohe Tauern. Snow-fields and glaciers cover 115 sq. m. in the more elevated regions. The river Salzach (190 miles), a tributary of the Inn, flows east and then north through one of the most picturesque of the Alpine valleys, and drains the greater part of the crown-land. The climate is variable but healthy. Two-fifths of the surface are covered with forests, and two-fifths consist of Alpine meadows. The rearing of cattle and horses is an important branch of industry. Salt is obtained in large quantities, especially at Hallein (q.v.). Iron, copper, gypsum, and marble are mined. The hot springs of Gastein (q.v.) are widely celebrated.