Staurolite (Gr. stauros, 'a cross;' lithos, 'a stone'), a silicate of alumina with ferrous oxide, magnesia, and water, crystallises in trimetric forms, and often occurs as twinned cruciform crystals in certain slates and schists. It is reddish, yellowish brown, or brownish black.
Staurolite
Chambers's Encyclopaedia, Volume 9: Bound to Swansea, p. 697–698
Source scan(s): p. 0716, p. 0717