Fünfkirchen

Fünfkirchen ('Five Churches,' from five mosques built during the Turkish occupation, in the 16th century; Hungarian, Pecs), a free town of Hungary, capital of the county of Baranya, on the vine-clad southern slope of the Mecsek Mountains, 139 miles S. by W. of Pesth by rail. Its bishopric was founded in 1009, and it is one of the oldest, as well as one of the most pleasantly situated and beautiful towns of Hungary. It formerly possessed a university. The most important of its buildings are the Romanesque cathedral (1136), the bishop's palace, the town-house and hospital, and the county buildings. Its manufactures include leather, woollens and flannels, oil, brandy and liqueurs, and a famed majolica ware; it produces wine, fruit, and tobacco, and has coal-mines and marble-quarries, and a flourishing trade in hogs and gall-nuts. Pop. (1890) 34,067.