Pregnancy. The first symptom which calls attention to the occurrence of pregnancy is usually absence of the menstrual flow. This may, of course, be suppressed by many other causes; and, exceptionally, may persist during the first few months of pregnancy. 'Quickening,' or the sensations experienced in consequence of the movements of the fetus, is usually noticed in the fourth month. Of the changes which take place elsewhere than in the generative organs the first and most noticeable is sickness, usually occurring in the early morning, and not persisting beyond the first three months. 'Longings,' or cravings for special, and sometimes very curious articles of diet, are not unusual. The heart becomes enlarged in order to provide the increased blood-supply necessary for the nutrition of the fetus. There is often an increased liability to toothache, fainting, and other disturbances of health; and not unfrequently the disposition is altered, and an unnatural fretfulness or irritability manifests itself. In some cases, on the other hand, the health is exceptionally good. The duration of pregnancy is, in the great majority of cases, about 275 days; but, as variations of a week or ten days in either direction are common, it is impossible to predict the exact date of delivery. Well-authenticated cases have occurred where it has been prolonged to nearly 300 days. It may, of course, come to an end at any time prior to its proper term (see
FETUS). There is a curious condition called spurious pregnancy, which may so closely simulate true pregnancy in all its main features as entirely to deceive the patient as well as others. It is generally associated with Hysteria (q.v.) or some allied mental disturbance (see MARY I., and SOUTH-COTT). A careful examination enables a medical man to detect the mistake; but it may be difficult to persuade the patient and her friends of it. As a work of reference for others than specialists, Chavasse's Advice to a Wife on the Management of her Health (1842; new ed. 1889) may be recommended.
CONCEALMENT OF PREGNANCY is a criminal offence, or rather it is taken to be the main proof of the offence of concealing the birth of a child in certain circumstances. See BIRTH.